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Temporal changes in sex-specific color attributes and carotenoid concentration in the gonads (roe) of the purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) provided dry feeds supplemented with β-carotene

2022Journal article Restricted access
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dc.contributor.authorLourenço, Sílvia
dc.contributor.authorRaposo, Andreia
dc.contributor.authorCunha, Beatriz
dc.contributor.authorPinheiro, Joaquina
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Pedro M.
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Ana
dc.contributor.authorFerreira, Susana
dc.contributor.authorGil, Maria Manuel
dc.contributor.authorCosta, José L.
dc.contributor.authorPombo, Ana
dc.date.accessioned2023-08-24T15:05:42Z
dc.date.available2023-08-24T15:05:42Z
dc.date.issued2022
dc.descriptionThe authors wish to thank Teresa Mouga for her help with macroalgae identification, and to Marta Neves for her help with chemical analysis. This study had the financial support of Operational Programme MAR2020, through the project 16-02-01-FMP-0004: Ouriceira AQUA: Aquaculture and Enhancement of Gonad Production in the Sea Urchin (Paracentrotus lividus), and the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (FCT), through the strategic project LA/P/0069/2020 granted to the Associate Laboratory ARNET and UIDB/04292/2020 and UIDP/04292/2020 awarded to the MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre. JP was supported by the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), co-funded by the Centro 2020 Operational Programme, Portugal 2020, and the European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. AP was supported through the Scientific Employment Stimulus Programme (CEECINST/00051/2018). Finally, the authors also express their gratitude to the three reviewers for their comments and suggestions, which significantly improved this manuscript.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractThe market value of sea urchin roe (female and male gonads) depends on several quality criteria, such as size, color, texture, and flavor. Sea urchins given dry pellet feed often produce large gonads, but the preferred bright orange color has been difficult to achieve without the inclusion of supplementary dietary carotenoids. Gonad color depends on carotenoid concentrations (CC), and is influenced by several factors, including diet and sea urchin sex. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of sea urchin sex, gonad size, and maturation level on gonad color and CC. Small Paracentrotus lividus urchins (18 mm test diameter) were fed every 48 h with three diets of similar proximate composition (protein: 31–33% dry matter DM, fat: 9–10% DM; carbohydrates: 45–46% DM). The diets were formulated with fishmeal, algae, and plant-based ingredients and supplemented with β-carotene (100 mg Kg−1). The nutritional trial was conducted in three recirculatory aquatic systems equipped with 40 L glass tanks guaranteeing triplicates by diet with an initial biomass of 5 g L−1. The gonadosomatic index (GSI), gonad maturity and color of 15 urchins per replica were analyzed at mid-trial (103 days, T1) and at the end of the trial (173 days, T2), and compare with initial condition (baseline). At each sampling event, the color of female (F) and male (M) gonads was analyzed using qualitative (four-level visual scale) and quantitative methods (Commission Internationale de l’ Eclairage CIE L*, a* and b* color parameters). Additionally, CC was determined by spectrophotometry in pooled samples freeze-dried gonads per replica and sex and compared with baseline. At T1, 59 females and 71 males were analyzed, and results showed that females presented larger (GSI = 7.50) gonads with higher CC (117.5 μg g−1 DM) than males (GSI = 5.16 and CC = 76 μg g−1). Female gonads also presented a more intense color (a* = 8.8, b* = 17.13) than males (a* = 5.1, b* = 12.49). At T2, 61 females and 62 males were analyzed and, except for a high percentage of female gonads classified as color grade I (57%), the differences on gonad color and CC between sexes identified in T1 became non-significant. In general, the gonad color tended to become lighter (L*, baseline: 34.8 and T2: 47.2) and yellower (b*, baseline: 12.5 and T2: 17.50), and CC decreased (baseline: 201.8 μg g−1 DM and T2: 31.6 μg g−1 DM) with increasing gonad weight (baseline: 0.16 g and T2: 0.77 g) and GSI (baseline: 3.0% and T2: 9.9%). In conclusion, this study shows that the carotenoid concentration and color attributes of sea urchin gonads are influenced by sea urchin sex and gonad size. The different diets and the carotene supplementation had little or no effect on the gonad CC and color attributes, indicating that the sources and concentrations of carotenoids in the diets were not sufficient to allow the accumulation of pigments in the gonads needed to enhance the color of P. lividus urchins.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationSílvia Lourenço, Andreia Raposo, Beatriz Cunha, Joaquina Pinheiro, Pedro M. Santos, Ana Sofia Gomes, Susana Ferreira, Maria Manuel Gil, José L. Costa, Ana Pombo, Temporal changes in sex-specific color attributes and carotenoid concentration in the gonads (roe) of the purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) provided dry feeds supplemented with β-carotene, Aquaculture, Volume 560, 2022, 738608, ISSN 0044-8486, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738608pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.aquaculture.2022.738608pt_PT
dc.identifier.issn0044-8486
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/8736
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.publisherElsevierpt_PT
dc.relationMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
dc.relationMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0044848622007244pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectEchinoculturept_PT
dc.subjectNutritionpt_PT
dc.subjectPigmentspt_PT
dc.subjectColor gradept_PT
dc.subjectGonadosomatic indexpt_PT
dc.titleTemporal changes in sex-specific color attributes and carotenoid concentration in the gonads (roe) of the purple sea urchin (Paracentrotus lividus) provided dry feeds supplemented with β-carotenept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
oaire.awardTitleMarine and Environmental Sciences Centre
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04292%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F04292%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.titleAquaculturept_PT
oaire.citation.volume560pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNamePereira Lourenço
person.familyNameRaposo
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person.familyNamePinheiro
person.familyNameMoreira dos Santos
person.familyNameGomes
person.familyNameFerreira
person.familyNameGil
person.familyNamePombo
person.givenNameSílvia Alexandra
person.givenNameAndreia
person.givenNameBeatriz
person.givenNameJoaquina
person.givenNamePedro
person.givenNameAna
person.givenNameSusana
person.givenNameMaria M
person.givenNameAna
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person.identifier.ciencia-id0F1C-22B0-7990
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person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1117-1801
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-6565-9370
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-9969-2507
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-8008-9839
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person.identifier.ridL-3547-2013
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person.identifier.scopus-author-id25228814000
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project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsclosedAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
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