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Estudo dos efeitos de compostos de origem marinha no crescimento de microrganismos da pele
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Abstract(s)
Dada a crescente relevância da aparência física na sociedade atual, as indústrias cosmética e dermatológica têm investido cada vez mais na busca por novos ingredientes que respondam às exigências dos consumidores, que optam cada vez mais por produtos de origem natural e que respondam às atuais exigências de sustentabilidade ambiental, sem prejuízo da sua eficácia. A pele, sendo o maior órgão do corpo humano, desempenha um papel importante na defesa do organismo, atuando como barreira de proteção contra estímulos externos (e.g., microrganismos, radiação ultravioleta). No entanto, a mesma pode ser afetada por fatores endógenos e/ou exógenos, como fatores genéticos e ambientais, doenças crónicas, condições de higiene, entre outros, comprometendo a sua integridade funcional. Os oceanos ocupam a maior área do planeta Terra, sendo habitat para muitos organismos marinhos com características únicas e distintas dos organismos terrestres. Entre eles, as macroalgas são extremamente abundantes e, como tal, têm sido amplamente investigadas quanto à possibilidade de serem usadas como fonte de compostos para o
desenvolvimento de novos produtos biotecnológicos, dadas as suas funcionalidades bioativas, como, por exemplo, atividade antimicrobiana. Deste modo, o objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado consistiu em avaliar o potencial antibacteriano dos compostos eleganolone, loliolide, alloaromadendrene, sphaerococcenol A e um seu análogo, isolados das macroalgas Bifurcaria bifurcata, Codium tomentosum e Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, recolhidas na costa de Peniche (Portugal). Os compostos mais promissores foram sujeitos a estudos complementares para avaliar quais os possíveis mecanismos de ação antimicrobiana. O composto sphaerococcenol A apresentou capacidade de inibir o crescimento de Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 de 25,66 µg/mL). No entanto, o seu análogo demonstrou a maior atividade antibacteriana, inibindo o crescimento de Staphylococcus hominis (IC50 de 61,06 µg/mL), Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 de 22,94 µg/mL) e
Cutibacterium acnes (IC50 de 9,25 µg/mL). Os resultados indicam que as atividades antimicrobianas poderão estar associadas a perturbações na membrana plasmática dos microrganismos, particularmente relacionadas
com alterações no potencial de membrana. Foram identificadas três situações em que ocorreu despolarização da membrana e cinco situações em que ocorreu hiperpolarização. Além disso, observou-se que o análogo 5, na concentração do IC50, causou danos estruturais totais na membrana celular de Staphylococcus hominis.
Em suma, o trabalho desenvolvido demonstrou o potencial antibacteriano do bromoditerpeno sphaerococcenol A e do seu análogo contra algumas espécies microbianas comensais da microbiota cutânea, evidenciando a importância das macroalgas como fonte de novos compostos bioativos para os cuidados da pele.
Given the growing significance of physical appearance in our society, the dermatological industry has invested heavily in the search for new ingredients to meet consumer´s demands. Therefore, there is an increase in the search for nature-sourced products that also meet current environmental sustainability requirements without compromising efficacy. As the largest organ of the human body, the skin plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy appearance and defending the organism, acting as a protective barrier against external stimuli (e.g., microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation). However, it can be affected by endogenous and/ or exogenous factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, chronic diseases, hygiene conditions, etc., which can compromise its functional integrity. The oceans cover the largest area of the Earth's surface and serve as a habitat for many marine organisms with unique characteristics distinct from the terrestrial ones. Among these, macroalgae are extremely abundant and have been extensively studied for their potential use as a source of compounds for the development of new biotechnological products due to their bioactive functionalities, such as antimicrobial activity. Thus, the objective in this study,, it was evaluated the antibacterial properties of the compounds eleganolone, loliolide, alloaromadendrene, sphaerococcenol A, and its chemical analogue, isolated from the macroalgae Bifurcaria bifurcata, Codium tomentosum, and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, respectively, ollected from the coast of Peniche (Portugal). The most promising compounds underwent further studies to evaluate possible mechanisms of action. Sphaerococcenol A showed the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 of 25,66 µg/mL). However, its analogue demonstrated higher antibacterial capacity, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus hominis (IC50 of 61,06 µg/mL), Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 of 22,94 µg/mL) and Cutibacterium acnes (IC50 of 9,25 µg/mL). The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity may be associated with disruptions in the microorganism membrane, particularly related to changes in membrane potential. Three instances of membrane depolarization and five instances of hyperpolarization were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that analogue 5, at the IC50 concentration, caused total structural damage to the cell membrane of Staphylococcus hominis. In summary, the developed work demonstrated the antibacterial potential of the bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A and its analogue against some commensal microbial species of the skin microbiota, highlighting the importance of macroalgae as a source of new bioactive compounds for skin care.
Given the growing significance of physical appearance in our society, the dermatological industry has invested heavily in the search for new ingredients to meet consumer´s demands. Therefore, there is an increase in the search for nature-sourced products that also meet current environmental sustainability requirements without compromising efficacy. As the largest organ of the human body, the skin plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy appearance and defending the organism, acting as a protective barrier against external stimuli (e.g., microorganisms, ultraviolet radiation). However, it can be affected by endogenous and/ or exogenous factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, chronic diseases, hygiene conditions, etc., which can compromise its functional integrity. The oceans cover the largest area of the Earth's surface and serve as a habitat for many marine organisms with unique characteristics distinct from the terrestrial ones. Among these, macroalgae are extremely abundant and have been extensively studied for their potential use as a source of compounds for the development of new biotechnological products due to their bioactive functionalities, such as antimicrobial activity. Thus, the objective in this study,, it was evaluated the antibacterial properties of the compounds eleganolone, loliolide, alloaromadendrene, sphaerococcenol A, and its chemical analogue, isolated from the macroalgae Bifurcaria bifurcata, Codium tomentosum, and Sphaerococcus coronopifolius, respectively, ollected from the coast of Peniche (Portugal). The most promising compounds underwent further studies to evaluate possible mechanisms of action. Sphaerococcenol A showed the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 of 25,66 µg/mL). However, its analogue demonstrated higher antibacterial capacity, inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus hominis (IC50 of 61,06 µg/mL), Staphylococcus epidermidis (IC50 of 22,94 µg/mL) and Cutibacterium acnes (IC50 of 9,25 µg/mL). The results indicate that the antimicrobial activity may be associated with disruptions in the microorganism membrane, particularly related to changes in membrane potential. Three instances of membrane depolarization and five instances of hyperpolarization were identified. Furthermore, it was observed that analogue 5, at the IC50 concentration, caused total structural damage to the cell membrane of Staphylococcus hominis. In summary, the developed work demonstrated the antibacterial potential of the bromoditerpene sphaerococcenol A and its analogue against some commensal microbial species of the skin microbiota, highlighting the importance of macroalgae as a source of new bioactive compounds for skin care.
Description
À Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) pelo financiamento através dos projetos estratégicos concedidos ao MARE – Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente (UIDP/04292/2020 e UIDB/04292/2020), Laboratório Associado ARNET (LA/P/0069/2020), e do projeto de investigação “NEURONS4 – New edge in the therapeutics of Parkinson’s disease from Seaweeds” (2022. 09196.PTDC; https://doi.org/10.54499/2022.09196.PTDC). Ao projeto “BEAP – MAR – Blue Bioeconomy in the atlantic Area: New Products from Marine Organims (EAPA_0032/2022)” financiado pelo programa Europeu INTERREG Espaço Atlântico.
Keywords
Macroalgas; Produtos naturais marinhos; Antimicrobiano; Microbioma da pele