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A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CUIDAR: AS ATITUDES DOS ENFERMEIROS FACE ÀS FAMÍLIAS
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Abstract(s)
Enquadramento: As atuais políticas de saúde reforçam a centralidade da família na prestação dos cuidados de enfermagem, reconhecendo que a saúde dos indivíduos está profundamente influenciada pelo seu contexto familiar. Neste sentido, a prática dos enfermeiros especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar deve ser orientada por uma abordagem colaborativa, em parceria com a família, assumindo-a como unidade de cuidado. Esta forma de atuação tem-se revelado promissora, gerando ganhos significativos em saúde.
Torna-se, por isso, fundamental compreender a importância que os enfermeiros atribuem à família no processo de cuidados, bem como identificar os fatores que influenciam essa perceção. Esta compreensão é essencial para promover uma prática mais consciente, eficaz e centrada na realidade familiar, contribuindo para o fortalecimento da saúde familiar como eixo estruturante dos cuidados de enfermagem.
Compreender a perspetiva e as atitudes dos enfermeiros em relação à integração das famílias no processo de cuidar permitir-nos-á conhecer qual o caminho a percorrer na ciência de enfermagem para que a integração das famílias nos cuidados de enfermagem seja uma realidade efetiva em todas as áreas de intervenção do enfermeiro. (Frade et al, 2021)
Objetivos: Identificar e descrever as atitudes dos enfermeiros face ao envolvimento das famílias nos cuidados, compreender qual a importância atribuída ao envolvimento da mesma e relacionar as atitudes com as características sociodemográficas e profissionais.
Métodos: Estudo quantitativo, descritivo-correlacional e transversal. realizado a 29 enfermeiros da região norte do país. O instrumento de colheita de dados utilizado é composto por um questionário de caracterização sociodemográfica e profissional e pela escala Importância da Família nos Cuidados de Enfermagem - Atitudes dos Enfermeiros (Oliveira et al.,2011).
Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 29 enfermeiros, com uma média de idades de 44,45 anos. A maioria encontra-se casada ou em união de facto (82,8%) e possui, maioritariamente, o grau de licenciatura (75,9%). No que respeita ao título profissional, os enfermeiros generalistas representam a maioria (51,7%). Entre os especialistas, destacam-se as áreas de Enfermagem de Saúde Infantil e Pediátrica e Enfermagem de Reabilitação, ambas com uma representatividade de 20,7%. O contexto profissional dos participantes apresenta diversidade quanto à tipologia de unidade, sendo que a maioria exerce funções numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar, representando 55,2% da amostra. O tempo médio de exercício profissional é de 21,38 anos. Relativamente à formação em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar, 62,1% dos enfermeiros referiram ter formação nesta área, sendo que, entre estes, a maioria realizou essa formação em contexto académico (38,9%).
No que diz respeito às atitudes face à família nos cuidados de enfermagem, os resultados evidenciam uma postura de suporte e valorização da família como elemento central do processo de cuidados. A pontuação média total obtida na escala "Importância da Família nos Cuidados de Enfermagem – Atitudes dos Enfermeiros" foi de 85 pontos, com um desvio padrão de 7,85 refletindo uma atitude globalmente positiva da amostra face ao envolvimento da família nos cuidados.
Conclusão: Embora não tenham sido encontradas associações estatisticamente significativas, os dados obtidos revelam que os enfermeiros inquiridos demonstram atitudes favoráveis e de apoio à família, reconhecendo e valorizando o seu papel no processo de cuidados. De forma geral, os resultados traçam um panorama encorajador quanto à integração da família nos cuidados de enfermagem, refletindo uma predisposição positiva por parte dos profissionais. Apesar da ausência de resultados com significância estatística, as tendências identificadas sugerem a importância de se reforçar estratégias formativas e institucionais que promovam práticas de enfermagem cada vez mais inclusivas e centradas na realidade familiar dos utentes. Este caminho poderá contribuir para uma maior consolidação do papel da família como parceira no processo terapêutico e para a melhoria dos resultados em saúde.
Background: Current health policies emphasize the central role of the family in the provision of nursing care, recognizing that individual health is deeply influenced by the family context. In this regard, the practice of specialist nurses in Family Health Nursing should be guided by a collaborative approach, in partnership with the family, recognizing it as the primary unit of care. This approach has proven to be promising, leading to significant health gains. It is therefore essential to understand the importance nurses attribute to the family within the care process, as well as to identify the factors that influence this perception. Such understanding is crucial to fostering a more conscious, effective, and family-centered nursing practice, contributing to the strengthening of family health as a central axis of nursing care. Understanding nurses’ perspectives and attitudes regarding the integration of families into the care process will allow us to determine the path that nursing science must follow so that the inclusion of families in nursing care becomes an effective reality across all areas of nursing intervention. (Frade et al., 2021). Goals: To identify and describe nurses’ attitudes toward the involvement of families in care, to understand the importance they attribute to such involvement, and to explore how these attitudes are related to their sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional study conducted with 29 nurses from the northern region of Portugal. The data collection instrument consisted of a sociodemographic and professional characterization questionnaire and the scale 'Importance of Family in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes' (Oliveira et al., 2011). Results: The sample consisted of 29 nurses, with a mean age of 44.45 years. The majority were married or in a civil partnership (82.8%), and most held a bachelor’s degree (75.9%). Regarding professional titles, generalist nurses represented the majority (51.7%). Among nurse specialists, the most common areas of specialization were Child and Pediatric Health Nursing and Rehabilitation Nursing, both at 20.7%. Participants worked in various healthcare settings, with the majority (55.2%) employed in Family Health Units. The average length of professional experience was 21.38 years. Concerning training in Family Health Nursing, 62.1% reported having received such training, with most of them (38.9%) having completed it in an academic setting. With regard to attitudes toward family involvement in nursing care, the results reveal a supportive stance, highlighting the family as a central element in the care process. The total mean score obtained on the scale 'Importance of Family in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes' was 85 points, with a standard deviation of 7.85, reflecting an overall positive attitude among the sample towards the involvement of the family in care. Conclusion: Although no statistically significant associations were found, the data indicate that the nurses surveyed demonstrate favorable and supportive attitudes toward the family, recognizing and valuing its role in the care process. Overall, the results present an encouraging outlook regarding the integration of the family into nursing care, reflecting a positive predisposition among professionals. Despite the absence of statistically significant findings, the observed trends highlight the importance of reinforcing both educational and institutional strategies that promote more inclusive nursing practices, centered on the family context of the patient. This approach may contribute to further consolidating the family’s role as a partner in the therapeutic process and improving health outcomes.
Background: Current health policies emphasize the central role of the family in the provision of nursing care, recognizing that individual health is deeply influenced by the family context. In this regard, the practice of specialist nurses in Family Health Nursing should be guided by a collaborative approach, in partnership with the family, recognizing it as the primary unit of care. This approach has proven to be promising, leading to significant health gains. It is therefore essential to understand the importance nurses attribute to the family within the care process, as well as to identify the factors that influence this perception. Such understanding is crucial to fostering a more conscious, effective, and family-centered nursing practice, contributing to the strengthening of family health as a central axis of nursing care. Understanding nurses’ perspectives and attitudes regarding the integration of families into the care process will allow us to determine the path that nursing science must follow so that the inclusion of families in nursing care becomes an effective reality across all areas of nursing intervention. (Frade et al., 2021). Goals: To identify and describe nurses’ attitudes toward the involvement of families in care, to understand the importance they attribute to such involvement, and to explore how these attitudes are related to their sociodemographic and professional characteristics. Method: This is a quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross-sectional study conducted with 29 nurses from the northern region of Portugal. The data collection instrument consisted of a sociodemographic and professional characterization questionnaire and the scale 'Importance of Family in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes' (Oliveira et al., 2011). Results: The sample consisted of 29 nurses, with a mean age of 44.45 years. The majority were married or in a civil partnership (82.8%), and most held a bachelor’s degree (75.9%). Regarding professional titles, generalist nurses represented the majority (51.7%). Among nurse specialists, the most common areas of specialization were Child and Pediatric Health Nursing and Rehabilitation Nursing, both at 20.7%. Participants worked in various healthcare settings, with the majority (55.2%) employed in Family Health Units. The average length of professional experience was 21.38 years. Concerning training in Family Health Nursing, 62.1% reported having received such training, with most of them (38.9%) having completed it in an academic setting. With regard to attitudes toward family involvement in nursing care, the results reveal a supportive stance, highlighting the family as a central element in the care process. The total mean score obtained on the scale 'Importance of Family in Nursing Care – Nurses’ Attitudes' was 85 points, with a standard deviation of 7.85, reflecting an overall positive attitude among the sample towards the involvement of the family in care. Conclusion: Although no statistically significant associations were found, the data indicate that the nurses surveyed demonstrate favorable and supportive attitudes toward the family, recognizing and valuing its role in the care process. Overall, the results present an encouraging outlook regarding the integration of the family into nursing care, reflecting a positive predisposition among professionals. Despite the absence of statistically significant findings, the observed trends highlight the importance of reinforcing both educational and institutional strategies that promote more inclusive nursing practices, centered on the family context of the patient. This approach may contribute to further consolidating the family’s role as a partner in the therapeutic process and improving health outcomes.
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Keywords
Atitudes Enfermeiros Enfermagem familiar Família