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Influence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on Torque, Temperature, and Quality of Friction Stir Welds in Dissimilar Al Alloys

2021-10-13Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg12:Produção e Consumo Sustentáveis
datacite.subject.sdg13:Ação Climática
dc.contributor.authorManuel, Neves
dc.contributor.authorBeltrão, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorGalvão, Ivan
dc.contributor.authorLeal, Rui M.
dc.contributor.authorCosta, José D.
dc.contributor.authorLoureiro, Altino
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-19T11:57:38Z
dc.date.available2026-01-19T11:57:38Z
dc.date.issued2021-10-13
dc.description.abstractIn the current investigation, the influence of the tool geometry, the position of the materials in the joint, the welding speed on the temperature and torque developed, and on the quality of the welds in dissimilar and tri-dissimilar T joints were analysed. The aluminium alloys used were AA2017-T4, AA6082-T6, and AA5083-H111 and the friction stir welds were performed with identical shoulder tools, but with either a pin with simple geometry or a pin with progressive geometry. Progressive pin tools proved to be a viable alternative in the production of dissimilar and tri-dissimilar welds, as they provide a larger tool/material friction area and a larger volume of dragged material, which promotes an increase in the heat generated and a good mixing of the materials in the stir zone, although they require a higher torque. Placing a stronger material on the advancing side also results in a higher temperature in the stir zone but requires higher torque too. The combination of these factors showed that tools with a progressive pin provide sound dissimilar and tri-dissimilar welds, unlike single-pin tools. The increase in the welding speed causes the formation of defects in the stir zone, even in tri-dissimilar welds carried out with a tool with a progressive pin, which impairs the fatigue strength of the welds.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research is sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE–Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade – and by national funds through FCT–Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, under the project UIDB/00285/2020. The author N. Manuel is supported by Ministério das Pescas de Angola. The financial support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would also like to thank to Bernardes, who provided valuable assistance in specimens preparation.
dc.identifier.citationManuel, N.; Beltrão, D.; Galvão, I.; Leal, R.M.; Costa, J.D.; Loureiro, A. Influence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on Torque, Temperature, and Quality of Friction StirWelds in Dissimilar Al Alloys. Materials 2021, 14, 6020. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14206020.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/ma14206020
dc.identifier.eissn1996-1944
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15390
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationCentre for Mechanical Enginnering, Materials and Processes
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/14/20/6020
dc.relation.ispartofMaterials
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectfriction stir welding
dc.subjecttool geometry
dc.subjectdissimilar aluminium alloys
dc.subjecttorque
dc.subjecttemperature
dc.titleInfluence of Tool Geometry and Process Parameters on Torque, Temperature, and Quality of Friction Stir Welds in Dissimilar Al Alloyseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleCentre for Mechanical Enginnering, Materials and Processes
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F00285%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage21
oaire.citation.issue20
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleMaterials
oaire.citation.volume14
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLeal
person.givenNameRui
person.identifier.ciencia-id001C-1230-7699
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6416-0191
person.identifier.ridF-4418-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id18434853300
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication46bc598a-4575-4726-aedf-11a2a2cf771e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery46bc598a-4575-4726-aedf-11a2a2cf771e
relation.isProjectOfPublication0a3418ca-35b9-4670-a826-154cceca5a89
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0a3418ca-35b9-4670-a826-154cceca5a89

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In the current investigation, the influence of the tool geometry, the position of the materials in the joint, the welding speed on the temperature and torque developed, and on the quality of the welds in dissimilar and tri-dissimilar T joints were analysed. The aluminium alloys used were AA2017-T4, AA6082-T6, and AA5083-H111 and the friction stir welds were performed with identical shoulder tools, but with either a pin with simple geometry or a pin with progressive geometry. Progressive pin tools proved to be a viable alternative in the production of dissimilar and tri-dissimilar welds, as they provide a larger tool/material friction area and a larger volume of dragged material, which promotes an increase in the heat generated and a good mixing of the materials in the stir zone, although they require a higher torque. Placing a stronger material on the advancing side also results in a higher temperature in the stir zone but requires higher torque too. The combination of these factors showed that tools with a progressive pin provide sound dissimilar and tri-dissimilar welds, unlike single-pin tools. The increase in the welding speed causes the formation of defects in the stir zone, even in tri-dissimilar welds carried out with a tool with a progressive pin, which impairs the fatigue strength of the welds.
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