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Empoderamento Comunitário de idosos polimedicados: estratégias de adesão ao regime medicamentoso
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| 9.01 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
O presente relatório pretende descrever, analisar e refletir sobre a minha trajetória de aprendizagem para aquisição de competências comuns e específicas em Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e Saúde Pública, no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem Comunitária.
O envelhecimento populacional, traduz um aumento das doenças crónicas e consequentemente o recurso a um regime medicamentoso complexo, pode comprometer a adesão ao mesmo e a segurança das pessoas idosas, sendo já considerado um problema universal de saúde pública. Com recurso à metodologia do planeamento em saúde e implementação de estratégias e ferramentas específicas, o Enfermeiro Especialista em Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública, emerge como elemento facilitador da capacitação de grupos/ comunidades para a Promoção da Saúde, através do Empoderamento Comunitário.
Este projeto visa melhorar a adesão ao regime medicamentoso de idosos polimedicados pela via do empoderamento comunitário para implementação de estratégias e ferramentas inovadoras, na área de influência da Unidade de Cuidados à Comunidade de Vila Nova da Barquinha. Adotou-se a metodologia de Planeamento em Saúde, o referencial teórico da promoção da saúde de Nola Pender e o Modelo de Avaliação, Intervenção e Empoderamento Comunitário de Pedro Melo. Este modelo orienta a tomada de decisão quanto às estratégias de abordagem. No sentido de fundamentar essas estratégias em práticas baseadas na evidência, foi realizada uma revisão integrativa da literatura sobre a temática. Avaliou-se o nível de empoderamento comunitário através da Escala de Avaliação do Empoderamento Comunitário e a escala Medida de Adesão aos Tratamentos (MAT). A partir da análise dos resultados da revisão integrativa e da aplicação dos instrumentos de medida, estabeleceram-se diagnósticos de enfermagem e foram planeadas intervenções como, educação para a saúde, marketing em comunicação e divulgou-se o próprio projeto. Os indicadores de resultado, como a melhoria do score na escala de MAT, demonstram tendência positiva na evolução do nível elevado de adesão ao regime medicamentoso pela amostra de idosos polimedicados, assim como a percentagem de profissionais que considera recorrer às estratégias apresentadas representa um ganho elevado de conhecimento dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema. Salienta-se que a reduzida dimensão da amostra, não permite concluir quanto ao impacto da intervenção no Empoderamento Comunitário, sugerindo-se a replicação do estudo em amostras de maior dimensão.
This report aims to describe, analyze and reflect on my learning path to acquire common and specific skills in Community Health and Public Health Nursing, within the scope of the Master's degree in Community Health Nursing. Population ageing leads to an increase in chronic diseases and, consequently, the use of complex medication regimens can compromise adherence to them and the safety of elderly people and is already considered a universal public health problem. Using the methodology of health planning and implementing specific strategies and tools, the Specialist Nurse in Community Health and Public Health Nursing emerges as a facilitator in the empowerment of groups/communities for Health Promotion, through Community Empowerment. This project aims to improve adherence to medication regimens among elderly people on multiple medications through community empowerment to implement innovative strategies and tools in the area of influence of the Vila Nova da Barquinha Community Care Unit. The Health Planning methodology, Nola Pender's theoretical framework for health promotion and Pedro Melo's Community Assessment, Intervention and Empowerment Model were adopted. This model guides decision-making regarding approach strategies. In order to base these strategies on evidence-based practices, an integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out. The level of community empowerment was assessed using the Community Empowerment Assessment Scale and the Treatment Adherence Measure (MAT) scale. Based on the analysis of the results of the integrative review and the application of measuring instruments, nursing diagnoses were established, and interventions were planned, such as health education, marketing and communication, and the project itself was publicized. The outcome indicators, such as the improvement in the score on the MAT scale, demonstrate a positive trend in the evolution of the high level of adherence to the medication regimen by the sample of polymedicated elderly people, and the percentage of professionals who consider using the strategies presented, represents a significant gain in knowledge of health professionals on the subject. It should be noted that the small size of the sample does not allow for conclusions regarding the impact of the intervention on Community Empowerment, suggesting that the study be replicated in larger samples.
This report aims to describe, analyze and reflect on my learning path to acquire common and specific skills in Community Health and Public Health Nursing, within the scope of the Master's degree in Community Health Nursing. Population ageing leads to an increase in chronic diseases and, consequently, the use of complex medication regimens can compromise adherence to them and the safety of elderly people and is already considered a universal public health problem. Using the methodology of health planning and implementing specific strategies and tools, the Specialist Nurse in Community Health and Public Health Nursing emerges as a facilitator in the empowerment of groups/communities for Health Promotion, through Community Empowerment. This project aims to improve adherence to medication regimens among elderly people on multiple medications through community empowerment to implement innovative strategies and tools in the area of influence of the Vila Nova da Barquinha Community Care Unit. The Health Planning methodology, Nola Pender's theoretical framework for health promotion and Pedro Melo's Community Assessment, Intervention and Empowerment Model were adopted. This model guides decision-making regarding approach strategies. In order to base these strategies on evidence-based practices, an integrative review of the literature on the subject was carried out. The level of community empowerment was assessed using the Community Empowerment Assessment Scale and the Treatment Adherence Measure (MAT) scale. Based on the analysis of the results of the integrative review and the application of measuring instruments, nursing diagnoses were established, and interventions were planned, such as health education, marketing and communication, and the project itself was publicized. The outcome indicators, such as the improvement in the score on the MAT scale, demonstrate a positive trend in the evolution of the high level of adherence to the medication regimen by the sample of polymedicated elderly people, and the percentage of professionals who consider using the strategies presented, represents a significant gain in knowledge of health professionals on the subject. It should be noted that the small size of the sample does not allow for conclusions regarding the impact of the intervention on Community Empowerment, suggesting that the study be replicated in larger samples.
Description
Keywords
Enfermagem de Saúde Comunitária e de Saúde Pública Empoderamento Comunitário Adesão ao regime medicamentoso