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Competência motora e prática desportiva em crianças - Programa de Intervenção na modalidade Futebol
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A competência motora (CM) em idade precoce assume um papel central no desenvolvimento global da criança, sendo importante compreender de que forma intervenções em contexto desportivo podem contribuir para a sua melhoria.
O presente projeto teve como objetivo analisar o efeito de um programa de intervenção com a duração de 8 semanas, na CM e nas habilidades técnicas do futebol em crianças de 5 e 6 anos praticantes da modalidade. A intervenção foi implementada no contexto dos treinos de futebol da Associação Cultural e Recreativa de Maceirinha (ACRM), através da inclusão de dois exercícios especificamente orientados para o desenvolvimento da CM em cada sessão de treino, que decorriam duas vezes por semana. Paralelamente, procurou-se explorar as associações entre as variáveis em estudo.
A amostra foi constituída por 16 participantes com idades entre 5 e 6 anos, das quais 15 do sexo masculino e 1 do sexo feminino. Todas as crianças foram avaliadas antes e depois da intervenção, com o objetivo de verificar possíveis alterações nas variáveis em estudo. Para a avaliação da CM foram aplicados os seis testes do Motor Competence Assessment - MCA (Rodrigues et al., 2022). O desempenho técnico no futebol foi avaliado através dos testes propostos por Chatzopoulos et al. (2024), que avaliam as habilidades básicas do futebol – passe, drible, remate e controlo de bola. Adicionalmente, foi ainda implementado um sistema de medição do grau de satisfação das crianças relativamente às tarefas propostas.
Os resultados obtidos demonstram melhorias estatisticamente significativas em todas as seis provas de CM após a intervenção. Relativamente às habilidades técnicas, e após a exclusão da prova de remate por se ter revelado desajustada ao nível de desenvolvimento dos participantes, foram verificadas melhorias significativas nas provas de passe e drible. Para além disso, no momento pós-intervenção, observaram-se associações estatisticamente significativas entre a CM e o desempenho técnico, com destaque para a habilidade de drible, que apresentou correlações significativas com cinco das seis provas do MCA. Por fim observou-se uma elevada satisfação por parte das crianças ao longo das sessões. Estes resultados sugerem que a promoção da CM em idades precoces pode favorecer tanto o desenvolvimento motor como o desenvolvimento de competências técnicas específicas no futebol, parecendo sugerir uma interdependência entre estes domínios nesta fase inicial do desenvolvimento.
Motor competence (MC) in early childhood plays a central role in children´s overall development, making it important to understand how sport-based interventions may contribute to its improvement. This project aimed to analyse the effect of an 8-week intervention programme on MC and football technical skills in 5 and 6-year-old children practising the sport. The intervention was implemented during football training sessions at Associação Cultural e Recreativa de Maceirinha (ACRM), through the inclusion of two exercises specifically designed to promote MC in each training session, held twice a week. Additionally, the study sought to explore the associations between the variables under investigation. The sample consisted of 16 participants aged 5 to 6 years, of whom 15 were boys and 1 was a girl. All children were assessed before and after the intervention to examine possible changes in the variables under study. MC was assessed using the six tests of the Motor Competence Assessment - MCA (Rodrigues et al., 2022), while football technical performance was assessed using the tests proposed by Chatzopoulos et al. (2024), which evaluate basic football skills - passing, dribbling, shooting, and juggling. Additionally, a system was implemented to measure the children's satisfaction with the proposed tasks. The results showed statistically significant improvements in all six MC tests after the intervention. Regarding football technical skills, and after excluding the shooting test because it was not suitable for the developmental level of the participants, significant improvements were found in passing and dribbling tests. Furthermore, in the post-intervention assessment, positive and significant associations were observed between MC and technical performance, particularly for dribbling, which showed significant correlations with five of the six MCA tests. Finally, high levels of satisfaction were observed among the children throughout the sessions. These findings suggest that promoting MC in childhood may benefit both motor development and the improvement of technical skills in football, indicating a possible interdependence between these domains in this early stage of development.
Motor competence (MC) in early childhood plays a central role in children´s overall development, making it important to understand how sport-based interventions may contribute to its improvement. This project aimed to analyse the effect of an 8-week intervention programme on MC and football technical skills in 5 and 6-year-old children practising the sport. The intervention was implemented during football training sessions at Associação Cultural e Recreativa de Maceirinha (ACRM), through the inclusion of two exercises specifically designed to promote MC in each training session, held twice a week. Additionally, the study sought to explore the associations between the variables under investigation. The sample consisted of 16 participants aged 5 to 6 years, of whom 15 were boys and 1 was a girl. All children were assessed before and after the intervention to examine possible changes in the variables under study. MC was assessed using the six tests of the Motor Competence Assessment - MCA (Rodrigues et al., 2022), while football technical performance was assessed using the tests proposed by Chatzopoulos et al. (2024), which evaluate basic football skills - passing, dribbling, shooting, and juggling. Additionally, a system was implemented to measure the children's satisfaction with the proposed tasks. The results showed statistically significant improvements in all six MC tests after the intervention. Regarding football technical skills, and after excluding the shooting test because it was not suitable for the developmental level of the participants, significant improvements were found in passing and dribbling tests. Furthermore, in the post-intervention assessment, positive and significant associations were observed between MC and technical performance, particularly for dribbling, which showed significant correlations with five of the six MCA tests. Finally, high levels of satisfaction were observed among the children throughout the sessions. These findings suggest that promoting MC in childhood may benefit both motor development and the improvement of technical skills in football, indicating a possible interdependence between these domains in this early stage of development.
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Palavras-chave
Competência motora Criança Futebol Habilidades técnicas Motor competence Child Football Technical skills