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A contratação pública simplificada constitui um dos instrumentos mais relevantes da Administração Pública contemporânea, permitindo maior celeridade e proporcionalidade na celebração de contratos de reduzido valor económico. Contudo, a sua utilização recorrente suscita questões quanto à sua compatibilidade com os princípios estruturantes do Estado de Direito, designadamente a transparência, a concorrência e a legalidade. A presente dissertação desenvolve uma análise jurídico-comparada entre Portugal e Espanha, examinando os respetivos regimes normativos, a jurisprudência aplicável e os mecanismos de controlo associados ao ajuste direto e à consulta prévia (Portugal), bem como ao contrato menor e ao procedimento aberto simplificado (Espanha). A investigação demonstra que, em Portugal, predomina uma lógica formalista e tutelar, assente no controlo preventivo exercido pelo Tribunal de Contas e na exigência de uma fundamentação rigorosa das decisões administrativas. Em contraste, Espanha adota um modelo mais descentralizado e digital, baseado sobretudo em mecanismos de controlo reativos e na publicidade eletrónica obrigatória.
A análise evidencia vulnerabilidades comuns a ambos os sistemas, como o fracionamento contratual e o favorecimento indevido, mas aponta para soluções diferenciadas: em Portugal, o reforço da fiscalização ex ante; em Espanha, a aposta na transparência digital e na responsabilização ex post. Conclui-se que a digitalização e a responsabilização administrativa “accountability algorítmica” tendem a configurar o futuro da contratação pública simplificada, permitindo um equilíbrio mais eficaz entre eficiência administrativa e integridade institucional.
Simplified public procurement constitutes one of the most relevant instruments of contemporary public administration, enabling greater speed and proportionality in the conclusion of low-value contracts. However, its recurrent use raises concerns regarding its compatibility with core rule of law principles, namely transparency, competition, and legality. This dissertation develops a comparative legal analysis of Portugal and Spain, examining their respective regulatory frameworks, relevant case law, and control mechanisms associated with direct award and prior consultation (Portugal), as well as minor contracts and simplified open procedures (Spain).The research demonstrates that Portugal follows a predominantly formalist and safeguard-oriented approach, based on preventive oversight exercised by the Court of Auditors and strict requirements of administrative justification. In contrast, Spain adopts a more decentralized and digital model, relying primarily on reactive control mechanisms and mandatory electronic publicity. The analysis identifies vulnerabilities common to both systems, such as contract splitting and undue favoritism, while highlighting distinct responses: in Portugal, the strengthening of ex ante oversight; in Spain, an emphasis on digital transparency and ex post accountability. The study concludes that digitalization and algorithmic accountability are likely to shape the future of simplified public procurement, fostering a more effective balance between administrative efficiency and institutional integrity.
Simplified public procurement constitutes one of the most relevant instruments of contemporary public administration, enabling greater speed and proportionality in the conclusion of low-value contracts. However, its recurrent use raises concerns regarding its compatibility with core rule of law principles, namely transparency, competition, and legality. This dissertation develops a comparative legal analysis of Portugal and Spain, examining their respective regulatory frameworks, relevant case law, and control mechanisms associated with direct award and prior consultation (Portugal), as well as minor contracts and simplified open procedures (Spain).The research demonstrates that Portugal follows a predominantly formalist and safeguard-oriented approach, based on preventive oversight exercised by the Court of Auditors and strict requirements of administrative justification. In contrast, Spain adopts a more decentralized and digital model, relying primarily on reactive control mechanisms and mandatory electronic publicity. The analysis identifies vulnerabilities common to both systems, such as contract splitting and undue favoritism, while highlighting distinct responses: in Portugal, the strengthening of ex ante oversight; in Spain, an emphasis on digital transparency and ex post accountability. The study concludes that digitalization and algorithmic accountability are likely to shape the future of simplified public procurement, fostering a more effective balance between administrative efficiency and institutional integrity.
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Contratação pública Procedimentos simplificados Portugal Espanha Responsabilização administrativa Digitalização