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Living With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infection

2025-09-23Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorSantos, Giovana Alves
dc.contributor.authorLaranjeira, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorCarreira, Lígia
dc.contributor.authorBaldissera, Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi
dc.contributor.authorTostes, Maria Fernanda do Prado
dc.contributor.authorMeireles, Viviani Camboin
dc.contributor.authorAgeno, Rosella Santoro
dc.contributor.authorSalci, Maria Aparecida
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-18T08:33:01Z
dc.date.available2025-10-18T08:33:01Z
dc.date.issued2025-09-23
dc.description
dc.description.abstractIntroduction: The majority of those infected with COVID‐19 undergo a brief duration of clinical illness. In certain instances,symptoms endure for months or years after the initial viral exposure—a condition characterized as Long COVID (LC). Theexperience of this illness remains largely unexplored as it has only recently surfaced. This study aims to understand therepercussions of persistent respiratory post‐COVID symptoms in Brazilian adults 12 months after SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.Methods: A constructivist grounded theory study was employed. Data were collected through individual interviews with adultswith persistent respiratory symptoms of Long COVID in Brazil. Data collection took place between September 2023 andFebruary 2024. Data analysis was performed on a constant comparative basis and concurrent with data collection to understandthe findings.Results: Twenty‐four individuals (12 females, 12 males) with a median age of 43.29 ± 9.09 years participated. The data analysisgenerated a central category—living with the long‐term effects of COVID‐19: breathlessness pervades everything—aroundwhich three categories emerged: (1) imbalance between life before and after being infected by COVID‐19; (2) living with acutepost‐COVID respiratory symptoms; and (3) struggling with persistent post‐COVID respiratory symptoms.Conclusion: Our analysis of the perceived needs of individuals with Long COVID underscores the urgent necessity forlegislative reform to acknowledge LC as a disability that requires clear diagnostic criteria. Approaches to treatment andrehabilitation are required to evaluate the extent to which functioning and disability improve. Lastly, this study highlights thecomplex problems encountered by individuals with Long COVID, including employment uncertainties, everyday tasks andsocial relationships.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brasil (CAPES)—Finance Code 001 andConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)—Processo no. 402,882/2020‐2. It was also supported by FCT—Fundação para aCiência e a Tecnologia, I.P. (UID/05704/2023) and by the Scientific Employment Stimulus—Institutional Call —[https://doi.org/10.54499/CEECINST/00051/2018/CP1566/CT0012, accessed on 25 July 2025].
dc.identifier.citationSantos GA, Laranjeira C, Carreira L, Baldissera VDA, Tostes MFDP, Meireles VC, Ageno RS, Salci MA. Living With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infection. Health Expect. 2025 Oct;28(5):e70409. doi: 10.1111/hex.70409. PMID: 40986436; PMCID: PMC12456354.
dc.identifier.doi10.1111/hex.70409
dc.identifier.eissn1369-7625
dc.identifier.issn1369-6513
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14312
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherWiley
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/hex.70409
dc.relation.ispartofHealth Expectations
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectAdult
dc.subjectGrounded theory
dc.subjectNursing care
dc.subjectPost‐acute COVID‐19 syndrome
dc.titleLiving With Persistent Respiratory Symptoms of Long COVID: Qualitative Study Among Brazilian Adults 12 Months After Acute Infectioneng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.titleHealth Expectations
oaire.citation.volume28
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLaranjeira
person.givenNameCarlos
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1080-9535
person.identifier.scopus-author-id22957802900
relation.isAuthorOfPublication7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery7c2157d8-cac9-4004-9438-e92fec260842

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