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O Papel da Proteção Civil e da Sociedade Civil na resposta a emergências e catástrofes em Portugal - caso de estudo Leiria - Uma possível articulação entre Administração Pública e particulares?
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Abstract(s)
A Proteção Civil, como atividade é uma das principais missões do Estado, no fundo trata-se de salvaguardar a segurança de pessoas e bens. A sociedade civil pode ter um papel fundamental no auxílio ao Estado em matéria de Proteção Civil, uma vez que a proteção dos civis enquanto atividade diz respeito ao Estado, e só ao Estado, sendo este que tem que garantir o direito à segurança.
E nos últimos anos assistimos ao Estado a falhar no que toca a proteção de pessoas e bens na tarefa da proteção dos civis, um exemplo disso foi os grandes incêndios de 2017 que causaram inúmeras mortes, danos materiais e imateriais incalculáveis, em que tudo falhou.
Neste século temos assistimos a uma mudança de paradigma a nível da proteção e socorro, houve por parte do Estado uma tentativa de afastamento das populações do combate e prevenção, após os acontecimentos fatídicos de 2017, começamos a assistir ao contrário, uma reaproximação entre Estado e Populações para tentar mitigar os riscos especialmente no que toca a incêndios florestais ou rurais e um bom exemplo disso são os programas “Aldeia Segura, Pessoas Seguras” e as próprias Unidades Locais de Proteção Civil, mas a aposta feita ainda não é suficiente e tem de ser cada vez mais reforçadas, os incêndios cada vez são mais agressivos e devido à desertificação das zonas mais rurais o que leva ao abono da floresta, a monocultura do eucalipto também não ajuda e claro as alterações climáticas que conjugados tornam-se uma mistura terrível para aumento do numero de ignições.
Uma questão importante a abordar nesta dissertação é também a pouca aposta na prevenção ao invés do combate, isto aliado à pouca profissionalização dos bombeiros em Portugal, poderá dar azo a problemas muito sérios que podem levar o Estado a falhar de novo.
Civil Protection, as an activity, is the main mission of the State. It is essentially about safeguarding the safety of people and property. Civil society can play a fundamental role in assisting the State in matters of Civil Protection, since the protection of civilians as an activity is the State's business, and the State alone, and it is the State that must guarantee the right to security. And in recent years, we have seen the State fail to protect people and property in the task of protecting civilians. An example of this was the major fires of 2017, which caused countless deaths and incalculable material and immaterial damage, in which everything failed. In this century we have witnessed a paradigm shift in terms of protection and rescue. The State attempted to distance the population from combating and preventing fires. After the fateful events of 2017, we began to witness the opposite, a rapprochement between the State and the Population to try to mitigate the risks, especially with regard to forest or rural fires. A good example of this are the “Safe Village, Safe People” programs and the Local Civil Protection Units themselves. However, the commitment made is still not enough and needs to be increasingly reinforced. Fires are becoming increasingly aggressive and, due to the desertification of more rural areas, which leads to the deforestation of the forest, eucalyptus monoculture does not help either, and of course climate change, which combined, becomes a terrible mix for increasing the number of ignitions. An important issue to be addressed in this dissertation is also the lack of focus on prevention rather than combat, which, combined with the lack of professionalism among firefighters in Portugal, could give rise to very serious problems that could lead the State to fail again.
Civil Protection, as an activity, is the main mission of the State. It is essentially about safeguarding the safety of people and property. Civil society can play a fundamental role in assisting the State in matters of Civil Protection, since the protection of civilians as an activity is the State's business, and the State alone, and it is the State that must guarantee the right to security. And in recent years, we have seen the State fail to protect people and property in the task of protecting civilians. An example of this was the major fires of 2017, which caused countless deaths and incalculable material and immaterial damage, in which everything failed. In this century we have witnessed a paradigm shift in terms of protection and rescue. The State attempted to distance the population from combating and preventing fires. After the fateful events of 2017, we began to witness the opposite, a rapprochement between the State and the Population to try to mitigate the risks, especially with regard to forest or rural fires. A good example of this are the “Safe Village, Safe People” programs and the Local Civil Protection Units themselves. However, the commitment made is still not enough and needs to be increasingly reinforced. Fires are becoming increasingly aggressive and, due to the desertification of more rural areas, which leads to the deforestation of the forest, eucalyptus monoculture does not help either, and of course climate change, which combined, becomes a terrible mix for increasing the number of ignitions. An important issue to be addressed in this dissertation is also the lack of focus on prevention rather than combat, which, combined with the lack of professionalism among firefighters in Portugal, could give rise to very serious problems that could lead the State to fail again.
Description
Keywords
Proteção Civil Estado Unidades Locais de Proteção Civil Segurança Sociedade Civil Bombeiros Floresta