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TREINO DE FORÇA ISOMÉTRICO NA PREPARAÇÃO FÍSICA DE ATLETAS – UMA REVISÃO NARRATIVA
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O treino isométrico tem revelado um interesse crescente. Porém, permanece ainda envolto em muitas incertezas, o que contribui para a disseminação de informações incorretas e potencialmente prejudiciais. Assim, o presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo sintetizar, sob a forma de artigo, a informação existente sobre o treino de força isométrico no âmbito da preparação física de atletas. A metodologia adotada corresponde a uma scoping review, onde apenas foram incluídos estudos que utilizam a isometria como método de treino de força em atletas, recorrendo a motores de busca como a Web of Science e a PubMed. A partir de um total de 164 resultados, 27 estudos empíricos revistos por pares publicados entre 2000 e 2023 foram identificados e analisados para inclusão. Os resultados evidenciam que o treino de força isométrico ocupa um lugar relevante na preparação física de atletas, demonstrando ser uma metodologia eficaz, segura e aplicável a diversos contextos. Apresenta vantagens como a redução do risco de lesão e uma menor fadiga associada, em comparação com outras formas de treino. Contudo, esta revisão também revelou lacunas na literatura, muitas das quais resultam da dificuldade de acesso a dados provenientes de atletas de alto rendimento. Nestes contextos, qualquer variável pode ser determinante, e muitas organizações desincentivam a participação dos seus atletas em estudos académicos ou científicos. As conclusões reforçam a importância do treino isométrico na mitigação da fadiga e na gestão de lesões, salientando ainda a sua relevância na otimização do desempenho desportivo. Importa, no entanto, sublinhar a necessidade de respeitar o princípio da individualidade biológica, uma vez que cada atleta poderá responder de forma distinta a este tipo de estímulo.
Isometric training has been generating growing interest. However, it remains surrounded by many uncertainties, which contribute to the spread of incorrect and potentially harmful information. Thus, the main objective of this work is to synthesize, in the form of an article, the existing information on isometric strength training within the scope of athletes’ physical preparation. The adopted methodology corresponds to a scoping review, in which only studies that use isometric training as a method of strength training in athletes were included, using search engines such as Web of Science and PubMed. From a total of 164 results, 27 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2000 and 2023 were identified and analyzed for inclusion. The results show that isometric strength training plays a relevant role in athletes’ physical preparation, proving to be an effective, safe, and applicable methodology across various contexts. It offers advantages such as reduced injury risk and lower associated fatigue when compared to other forms of training. However, this review also revealed gaps in the literature, many of which stem from the difficulty in accessing data from high-performance athletes. In these contexts, any variable can be decisive, and many organizations discourage their athletes from participating in academic or scientific studies. The conclusions reinforce the importance of isometric training in mitigating fatigue and managing injuries, while also highlighting its relevance in optimizing sports performance. Nevertheless, it is essential to emphasize the need to respect the principle of biological individuality, as each athlete may respond differently to this type of stimulus.
Isometric training has been generating growing interest. However, it remains surrounded by many uncertainties, which contribute to the spread of incorrect and potentially harmful information. Thus, the main objective of this work is to synthesize, in the form of an article, the existing information on isometric strength training within the scope of athletes’ physical preparation. The adopted methodology corresponds to a scoping review, in which only studies that use isometric training as a method of strength training in athletes were included, using search engines such as Web of Science and PubMed. From a total of 164 results, 27 peer-reviewed empirical studies published between 2000 and 2023 were identified and analyzed for inclusion. The results show that isometric strength training plays a relevant role in athletes’ physical preparation, proving to be an effective, safe, and applicable methodology across various contexts. It offers advantages such as reduced injury risk and lower associated fatigue when compared to other forms of training. However, this review also revealed gaps in the literature, many of which stem from the difficulty in accessing data from high-performance athletes. In these contexts, any variable can be decisive, and many organizations discourage their athletes from participating in academic or scientific studies. The conclusions reinforce the importance of isometric training in mitigating fatigue and managing injuries, while also highlighting its relevance in optimizing sports performance. Nevertheless, it is essential to emphasize the need to respect the principle of biological individuality, as each athlete may respond differently to this type of stimulus.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Atletas Treino de força Isometria Preparação Desempenho fisicio Athletes Strength training Isometry