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The Role of Body Image Discrepancy in Exercise and Eating Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective

2026-05-23Artigo de investigação Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg04:Educação de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
dc.contributor.authorSalvador, Rogério
dc.contributor.authorCordeiro, Filipa
dc.contributor.authorCastuera, Ruth Jimenéz
dc.contributor.authorRebelo-Gonçalves, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorMonteiro, Diogo
dc.date.accessioned2026-06-09T08:51:23Z
dc.date.available2026-06-09T08:51:23Z
dc.date.issued2026-05-23en_US
dc.date.updated2026-05-25T06:26:13Z
dc.description.abstractBackground/Objectives: While body dissatisfaction is frequently studied as an outcome of physical activity, less is known about how pre-existing body image perceptions shape the quality of behavioral regulation. Grounded in Self-Determination Theory, this study aimed to investigate the associations of different perceived body image discrepancy profiles with autonomous and controlled motivation for both exercise and eating, and to explore the interaction effects between these profiles and sex. Methods: The sample comprised 939 regular gym exercisers (32.99 ± 11.90 years; 55.1% female). Using the Stunkard Figure Rating Scale, participants were categorized into four discrepancy profiles: desire to increase, satisfied, mild desire to reduce, and moderate/severe desire to reduce. Data were analyzed using Two-Way ANOVAs. Results: The Satisfied group reported the highest autonomous and lowest controlled motivation across both domains (main effects: p < 0.001, η2p = 0.019–0.046). A significant body image × sex interaction emerged for controlled eating motivation (F(3, 931) = 6.22, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.020). Females exhibited a “U-shaped” curve, demonstrating low controlled eating motivation when satisfied (M = 1.65) but elevated levels at extremes (desire to increase: M = 2.50; moderate/severe desire to reduce: M = 2.39). Males maintained stable controlled eating motivation across all discrepancy profiles (M = 2.06–2.30). Although these main and interaction effects were statistically significant, all observed multivariate effect sizes were small (η2p = 0.012–0.046). Conclusions: Perceived body image discrepancy acts as a significant antecedent of motivational quality. The absence of a perceptual gap is linked to highly adaptive, autonomous behavioral regulation. Furthermore, the distinct sex-based patterns in controlled eating motivation underscore the necessity for health and exercise professionals to adopt tailored, sex-specific strategies when addressing body image concerns.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work was supported by National Funds by FCT—Foundation for Science and Technology, under the projects UID/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/04045/2025), UID/PRR/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR/04045/2025) and UID/PRR2/04045/2025 (https://doi.org/10.54499/UID/PRR2/04045/2025) and by the European Union and the Department of Education, Science and Vocational Training of the Regional Government of Extremadura [GR24002].
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
dc.identifier.citationSalvador, R., Cordeiro, F., Castuera, R. J., Rebelo-Gonçalves, R., & Monteiro, D. (2026). The Role of Body Image Discrepancy in Exercise and Eating Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Healthcare, 14(11), 1445. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14111445
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/healthcare14111445en_US
dc.identifier.issn2227-9032en_US
dc.identifier.slugcv-prod-5040663
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16386
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/14/11/1445
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectbody image discrepancyen_US
dc.subjectmotivationen_US
dc.subjectexerciseen_US
dc.subjectdietary behavioren_US
dc.subjectsexen_US
dc.subjectselfdetermination theoryen_US
dc.subjectStunkard figureen_US
dc.titleThe Role of Body Image Discrepancy in Exercise and Eating Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspectiveeng
dc.typeresearch articleen_US
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUID/DTP/04045/2019
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14238
oaire.citation.issue11en_US
oaire.citation.startPage1445
oaire.citation.titleHealthcareen_US
oaire.citation.volume14en_US
oaire.fundingStreamFinanciamento do Plano Estratégico de Unidades de I&D - 2019
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameSalvador
person.familyNameRebelo-Gonçalves
person.familyNameMonteiro
person.givenNameRogério Paulo
person.givenNameRicardo
person.givenNameDiogo
person.identifierF-1202-2015
person.identifier.ciencia-idD116-EE46-620C
person.identifier.ciencia-id261C-57FB-51F7
person.identifier.ciencia-idED1F-6228-E26F
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5712-9479
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0441-4668
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-7179-6814
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56437945500
rcaap.cv.cienciaidED1F-6228-E26F | Diogo Manuel Teixeira Monteiro
rcaap.rightsopenAccessen_US
relation.isAuthorOfPublication594b7e2e-64cf-4d97-aee0-7745cfd5dc39
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationa824cc7f-e8ee-412a-b234-a673e948e4e9
relation.isAuthorOfPublication79dcae83-d54a-4acc-a9a1-8268c7776ab9
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery594b7e2e-64cf-4d97-aee0-7745cfd5dc39
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