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The Impact of Leadership on the Perception of Organizational Belonging and the Mediating Effect of Job Crafting on IT Workers in Portugal
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This study investigates the impact of leadership on organizational belonging among IT
workers in Portugal, focusing on the mediating effect of job crafting. Using validated scales,
a questionnaire was applied to measure these constructs, collecting data from IT workers
from various organizations operating in Portugal, working full or partially remote. Despite
growing interest in leadership and employee engagement, limited research has explored how
leadership styles influence organizational belonging through job crafting, particularly in the
IT sector. To address this gap, our work was arranged in the form of two studies where we
intend to measure the direct effect of different styles of leadership on job crafting and
organizational belonging, the direct effect of job crafting on organizational belonging and
the mediating effect of job crafting between leadership and organizational belonging. Study
1 examined the direct and indirect effects of empowering leadership on job crafting and
organizational belonging. Study 2 expanded the model to include five leadership behavioural
types (aversive, directive, transactional, transformational and empowering), assessing their
individual impacts on job crafting and organizational belonging. For study 1, a crosssectional
study design was followed, delivering a sample of 213 participants of IT workers.
For study 2, a time-lagged research design was implemented across a two-wave
questionnaire to reduce common method bias and strengthen causal inference, with a total
of 121 participants working on an IT company in Portugal. Results show that empowering
leadership significantly enhances both job crafting and organizational belonging, with job
crafting partially mediating this relationship. By understanding these dynamics,
organizations can better design leadership development programs and job structures that
enhance employee well-being and organizational performance.
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Organizational belonging Leadership Job Crafting IT workers in Portugal Remote work