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A Intervenção do Enfermeiro de Saúde Familiar na Promoção do Aleitamento Materno: Uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
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Abstract(s)
O presente documento apresenta o Relatório Final de Estágio realizado numa Unidade de Saúde Familiar (USF), onde tive a oportunidade de desenvolver e adquirir as competências do enfermeiro especialista em enfermagem comunitária na área de enfermagem de saúde familiar. A sua elaboração tem a finalidade de integrar o conhecimento adquirido e desenvolvido ao longo do período teórico e nos ensinos clínicos precedentes, numa perspetiva de compreensão da importância da enfermagem de saúde familiar na obtenção de ganhos em saúde junto dos utentes, das famílias e das comunidades. Engloba um estudo em forma de revisão sistemática da literatura, através do qual procurei analisar e sintetizar os resultados dos estudos mais relevantes sobre as estratégias de intervenção empregadas pelos Enfermeiros Especialistas em Enfermagem de Saúde Familiar na promoção do aleitamento materno para uma prática baseada em evidência científica.
O aleitamento materno proporciona às crianças o melhor começo de vida, pois é a melhor fonte de nutrição para o bebé e, simultaneamente, um método barato e seguro. Para além disso, traz benefícios para toda a vida: reforça o desenvolvimento do cérebro, previne vários tipos de infeção, reduz o risco de alergias, faz com que o bebé tenha uma melhor adaptação a outros alimentos e é importante para prevenir doenças como a diabetes e os linfomas.
Para a mãe o aleitamento materno tem vantagens, dado que, facilita uma involução uterina mais precoce, reduz a probabilidade de contrair cancro da mama e permite sentir o prazer de amamentar.
É de consenso mundial que o aleitamento materno é a melhor maneira de alimentar as crianças até aos 6 meses de vida. A amamentação deve ser iniciada na primeira hora de nascimento e continuada até aos 2 ou mais anos de idade.
Compete aos profissionais de saúde promoverem ajuda às mães que querem iniciar e manter o aleitamento materno. A promoção do aleitamento materno é a intervenção de saúde pública mais eficaz, constituindo um direito humano, que deve ser protegido e promovido, das mães e dos seus bebés.
Em Portugal não há total conhecimento sobre a prevalência e duração do aleitamento materno e a informação disponível estimou em 21,8% o aleitamento materno exclusivo até aos 6 meses. No reconhecimento do cumprimento de um conjunto de práticas favoráveis à promoção e manutenção do aleitamento materno, cabe ao Serviço Nacional de Saúde, perseguir a meta do Programa Nacional para a Promoção da Alimentação Saudável de que até 2030 a taxa de aleitamento materno exclusivo seja de 50 %. (Despacho n.º 13056/2023, de 20 de dezembro).
This document presents the Final Internship Report carried out in a Family Health Unit (USF), where I had the opportunity to develop and acquire the competences of a nurse specialising in community nursing in the area of family health nursing. Its purpose is to integrate the knowledge acquired and developed during the theoretical period and in previous clinical training, with a view to understanding the importance of family health nursing in achieving health gains for users, families and communities. It comprises a study in the form of a systematic literature review, through which I sought to analyse and synthesise the results of the most relevant studies on the intervention strategies employed by Family Health Nurse Practitioners in promoting breastfeeding for a practice based on scientific evidence. Breastfeeding gives children the best start in life, as it is the best source of nutrition for the baby and, at the same time, a cheap and safe method. It also has lifelong benefits: it strengthens brain development, prevents various types of infection, reduces the risk of allergies, makes the baby better adapted to other foods and is important for preventing diseases such as diabetes and lymphoma. Breastfeeding has advantages for mothers, as it facilitates earlier uterine involution, reduces the likelihood of breast cancer and allows them to experience the pleasure of breastfeeding. There is worldwide consensus that breastfeeding is the best way to feed children up to 6 months of age. Breastfeeding should begin within the first hour of birth and continue until the child is 2 years old or more. It is up to health professionals to promote help for mothers who want to start and maintain breastfeeding. Promoting breastfeeding is the most effective public health intervention and is a human right that must be protected and promoted for mothers and their babies. In Portugal, there is no complete knowledge of the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the information available estimates exclusive breastfeeding at 21.8 per cent up to 6 months. In recognition of the fulfilment of a set of practices favourable to the promotion and maintenance of breastfeeding, it is the responsibility of the National Health Service to pursue the goal of the National Programme for the Promotion of Healthy Eating, that by 2030 the rate of exclusive breastfeeding should be 50 %. (Order no. 13056/2023, of 20 December).
This document presents the Final Internship Report carried out in a Family Health Unit (USF), where I had the opportunity to develop and acquire the competences of a nurse specialising in community nursing in the area of family health nursing. Its purpose is to integrate the knowledge acquired and developed during the theoretical period and in previous clinical training, with a view to understanding the importance of family health nursing in achieving health gains for users, families and communities. It comprises a study in the form of a systematic literature review, through which I sought to analyse and synthesise the results of the most relevant studies on the intervention strategies employed by Family Health Nurse Practitioners in promoting breastfeeding for a practice based on scientific evidence. Breastfeeding gives children the best start in life, as it is the best source of nutrition for the baby and, at the same time, a cheap and safe method. It also has lifelong benefits: it strengthens brain development, prevents various types of infection, reduces the risk of allergies, makes the baby better adapted to other foods and is important for preventing diseases such as diabetes and lymphoma. Breastfeeding has advantages for mothers, as it facilitates earlier uterine involution, reduces the likelihood of breast cancer and allows them to experience the pleasure of breastfeeding. There is worldwide consensus that breastfeeding is the best way to feed children up to 6 months of age. Breastfeeding should begin within the first hour of birth and continue until the child is 2 years old or more. It is up to health professionals to promote help for mothers who want to start and maintain breastfeeding. Promoting breastfeeding is the most effective public health intervention and is a human right that must be protected and promoted for mothers and their babies. In Portugal, there is no complete knowledge of the prevalence and duration of breastfeeding and the information available estimates exclusive breastfeeding at 21.8 per cent up to 6 months. In recognition of the fulfilment of a set of practices favourable to the promotion and maintenance of breastfeeding, it is the responsibility of the National Health Service to pursue the goal of the National Programme for the Promotion of Healthy Eating, that by 2030 the rate of exclusive breastfeeding should be 50 %. (Order no. 13056/2023, of 20 December).
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Keywords
Enfermagem de saúde familiar Cuidados de saúde primários Cuidados de enfermagem à família Aleitamento materno Enfermeiro de família