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Response surface methodology in the optimization of extraction conditions for Gracilaria gracilis extracts for use in thermoplastic food coatings

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dc.contributor.authorReboleira, João
dc.contributor.authorAndrade, Mariana A.
dc.contributor.authorSanches-Silva, Ana
dc.contributor.authorGanhão, Rui
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Susana
dc.contributor.authorVilarinho, Fernanda
dc.contributor.authorFélix, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorPinheiro, Joaquina
dc.contributor.authorBernardino, Susana M.
dc.date.accessioned2020-09-01T17:35:19Z
dc.date.available2020-09-01T17:35:19Z
dc.date.issued2018
dc.description.abstractIncorporation of antioxidant agents in edible films and packages often relies in the usage of essential oils and other concentrated hydrophobic liquids, with reliable increases in antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the overall composite, and consequent improvements in product shelf life. These oils are often obtained from plant sources and the usage of organic solvents in their extraction has been criticized as to whether it constitutes a health hazard for consumers [1, 2, 3]. The use of water-soluble antioxidant agents is less common, due to lower activities and extraction yields. As such, using commonly available seaweeds as the source for both the main polymers and the supplementing antioxidant/antimicrobial agents in bioactive films can potentially reduce production costs and create a safer, more sustainable product [1]. Hydroethanolic extracts of commercially available red macroalgae Gracilaria gracilis were evaluated for their antioxidant potential and phenolic content, as part of the preliminary assays for the selection of algal biomass for the enrichment of thermoplastic films. The extracts were obtained through use of solid-liquid extractions, over which yield, DPPH radical reduction capacity, total phenolic content, and FRAP activity assays were measured [4, 5]. Solid to liquid ratio (SLR), extraction time, and ethanol to water ratio were selected as independent variables with experimental ranges and configurations obtained using a Box-Behnken design with three factors, resulting in 15 experimental conditions. Extraction duplicates were used [4]. Response surface methodology was then used to estimate the effect of each extraction condition on the tested bioactivities. Bioactivities were significantly (p<0.05) and positively affected by the presence of ethanol in the extraction solvent, while extraction yield was reduced. Lower solid to liquid ratios (higher solvent proportions) resulted in higher yields, but had no significant (p<0.05) impact on bioactivities. Time was not a relevant factor in any of the measured variables, and as such will be minimized in any further work. 100% ethanol with minimum extraction time (10 minutes) and 1g to 5mL SLR maximize antioxidant activities per gram of dry extract. Maximum ethanolic yields were obtained with a theoretical extraction of 100 minutes and a 1g to 25mL SLR. Aqueous extractions displayed similar results in terms of optimum conditions, but with overall lower bioactivities and higher yields, very likely due to high amounts of soluble polysaccharides. While the high antioxidant activities from the ethanolic extracts encourage the selection of this solvent for extraction of bioactives, low yields may make them later unfeasible. Future studies over the compatibility of these extracts in the polymeric matrix of the films, as well as further optimization of the extraction process will be necessary before the definitive choice for bioactive origin and processing is made.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationReboleira JM, Andrade MA, Sanches-Silva A, Ganhão RM, Mendes SL, Vilarinho F, Felix R, Pinheiro J and Bernardino SM (2019). Response surface methodology in the optimization of extraction conditions for Gracilaria gracilis extracts for use in thermoplastic food coatings. Front. Mar. Sci. Conference Abstract: IMMR'18 | International Meeting on Marine Research 2018. doi: 10.3389/conf.FMARS.2018.06.00087pt_PT
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/conf.FMARS.2018.06.00087pt_PT
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/5122
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewednopt_PT
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediapt_PT
dc.relation33/SI/2015pt_PT
dc.relationCentro-01-0145- FEDER-000018pt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectGracilaria gracilispt_PT
dc.subjectrsmpt_PT
dc.subjectBox-behnken designpt_PT
dc.subjectDPPH scavenging activitypt_PT
dc.subjectPolyphenolspt_PT
dc.titleResponse surface methodology in the optimization of extraction conditions for Gracilaria gracilis extracts for use in thermoplastic food coatingspt_PT
dc.typeconference object
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/5876/UID%2FMAR%2F04292%2F2013/PT
oaire.citation.titleIMMR'18 | International Meeting on Marine Research 2018, Peniche, Portugal, 5 - 6 Jul, 2018pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream5876
person.familyNameMendes Reboleira
person.familyNameManeta Ganhão
person.familyNameMENDES
person.familyNameFaria da Costa Félix
person.familyNamePinheiro
person.familyNameBernardino
person.givenNameJoão
person.givenNameRui Manuel
person.givenNameSUSANA
person.givenNameRafael Alexandre
person.givenNameJoaquina
person.givenNameSusana
person.identifier322266
person.identifierKWTr8tQAAAAJ
person.identifier556456
person.identifier.ciencia-idA014-8343-2B4E
person.identifier.ciencia-idA912-6EE7-609F
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person.identifier.ciencia-idA315-5CB0-097C
person.identifier.ciencia-idB113-2D80-406B
person.identifier.ciencia-idE418-2945-9EB6
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3261-6857
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4814-3177
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9681-3169
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-4766-3736
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9319-2651
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-9454-3281
person.identifier.scopus-author-id35589782700
person.identifier.scopus-author-id33568138000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id57200377641
person.identifier.scopus-author-id25228814000
person.identifier.scopus-author-id14824775000
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typeconferenceObjectpt_PT
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