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Publication
Estudo da Variação das Propriedades Termomecânicas de Polímeros Reforçados com Cargas Recicláveis
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| 4.92 MB | Adobe PDF |
Abstract(s)
Nesta dissertação, o foco são os materiais sustentáveis ou biodegradáveis, materiais estes
utilizados na indústria automóvel e que podem ser usados como substitutos totais ou parciais.
O conceito de material sustentável, por sua vez, significa um material que pode ser obtido
por métodos que não utilizam combustíveis fósseis ou métodos que evitam a emissão de
substâncias poluentes. Para tal, é essencial que os materiais indicados como possíveis
substitutos dos existentes mantenham ou melhorem as suas propriedades mecânicas em
função da aplicação do componente.
Os temas da sustentabilidade, cujo conceito está associado à capacidade de satisfazer as
nossas necessidades no presente sem comprometer a capacidade das gerações futuras
satisfazerem as suas próprias necessidades - e da economia circular - baseado na redução,
reutilização, recuperação e reciclagem de materiais e energia, são, atualmente, muito
pertinentes. Substituir o conceito de fim de vida da economia linear por novos fluxos
circulares de reutilização, restauração e renovação num processo integrado, conceitos que
foram tidos em consideração uma vez que esta dissertação aborda o efeito de cargas
sustentáveis em materiais poliméricos para moldação por injeção.
O objetivo deste trabalho é compreender e analisar o impacto de materiais biodegradáveis e
sustentáveis, como grafite, argila e ácido poliláctico (PLA), no comportamento mecânico de
compósitos com polipropileno e poliestireno, quando incorporados em proporções variando
de 3% a 15%. O procedimento consistiu em misturar diferentes percentagens de cargas com
cada polímero de base para transformar no provete padrão definido, utilizando uma máquina
de injeção, para depois verificar o efeito dessas partículas nas propriedades com a execução
de ensaios mecânicos e térmicos. Em termos de ensaios mecânicos, foram realizados ensaios
de tração, flexão e dureza, em relação aos ensaios térmicos, foram realizados os de índice de
fluidez, calorimetria diferencial de varrimento (DSC) e densidade.
In this dissertation, the focus is on sustainable or biodegradable materials, which are used in the automotive industry and can be used as total or partial substitutes. The concept of sustainable material, in turn, means a material that can be obtained by methods that do not use fossil fuels or methods that avoid the emission of polluting substances. A biodegradable material is one that at the end of its useful life degrades naturally, or with some accelerator, without affecting any ecosystem or system. To this end, it is essential that the materials indicated as possible substitutes for existing materials maintain or improve their mechanical properties depending on the application of the component. The themes of sustainability - the concept of which is associated with the ability to meet our needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - and the circular economy - based on the reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of materials and energy - are currently very relevant. Replacing the end-of-life concept of the linear economy with new circular flows of reuse, restoration and renewal in an integrated process, concepts that have been taken into consideration since this dissertation addresses the effect of sustainable fillers in polymeric materials for injection moulding. The aim of this work is to understand and analyse the impact of biodegradable and sustainable materials such as graphite, clay and polylactic acid (PLA) on the mechanical behaviour of composites with polypropylene and polystyrene, when incorporated in proportions ranging from 3% to 15%. The procedure consisted of mixing different percentages of fillers with each base polymer to transform into the defined standard specimen, using an injection moulding machine, and then checking the effect of these particles on the properties by carrying out mechanical and thermal tests. In terms of mechanical tests, tensile, flexural and Shore hardness tests were carried out on the materials used in the study, as well as thermal tests of fluidity index, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density.
In this dissertation, the focus is on sustainable or biodegradable materials, which are used in the automotive industry and can be used as total or partial substitutes. The concept of sustainable material, in turn, means a material that can be obtained by methods that do not use fossil fuels or methods that avoid the emission of polluting substances. A biodegradable material is one that at the end of its useful life degrades naturally, or with some accelerator, without affecting any ecosystem or system. To this end, it is essential that the materials indicated as possible substitutes for existing materials maintain or improve their mechanical properties depending on the application of the component. The themes of sustainability - the concept of which is associated with the ability to meet our needs in the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs - and the circular economy - based on the reduction, reuse, recovery and recycling of materials and energy - are currently very relevant. Replacing the end-of-life concept of the linear economy with new circular flows of reuse, restoration and renewal in an integrated process, concepts that have been taken into consideration since this dissertation addresses the effect of sustainable fillers in polymeric materials for injection moulding. The aim of this work is to understand and analyse the impact of biodegradable and sustainable materials such as graphite, clay and polylactic acid (PLA) on the mechanical behaviour of composites with polypropylene and polystyrene, when incorporated in proportions ranging from 3% to 15%. The procedure consisted of mixing different percentages of fillers with each base polymer to transform into the defined standard specimen, using an injection moulding machine, and then checking the effect of these particles on the properties by carrying out mechanical and thermal tests. In terms of mechanical tests, tensile, flexural and Shore hardness tests were carried out on the materials used in the study, as well as thermal tests of fluidity index, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and density.
Description
Keywords
Moldação por injeção Cargas recicláveis Polímeros