Repository logo
 
Publication

Are Young Swimmers Short and Middle Distances Energy Cost Sex-Specific?

2021-12-14Journal article Open access
Simple item page
datacite.subject.fosCiências Médicas::Outras Ciências Médicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorMassini, Danilo A.
dc.contributor.authorAlmeida, Tiago A. F.
dc.contributor.authorVasconcelos, Camila M. T.
dc.contributor.authorMacedo, Anderson G.
dc.contributor.authorEspada, Mário A. C.
dc.contributor.authorReis, Joana F.
dc.contributor.authorAlves, Francisco J. B.
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Ricardo J. P.
dc.contributor.authorFilho, Dalton M. Pessôa
dc.date.accessioned2025-12-19T17:11:21Z
dc.date.available2025-12-19T17:11:21Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-14
dc.description.abstractThis study assessed the energy cost in swimming (C) during short and middle distances to analyze the sex-specific responses of C during supramaximal velocity and whether body composition account to the expected differences. Twenty-six swimmers (13 men and 13 women: 16.7 ± 1.9 vs. 15.5 ± 2.8 years old and 70.8 ± 10.6 vs. 55.9 ± 7.0 kg of weight) performed maximal front crawl swimming trials in 50, 100, and 200 m. The oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2) was analyzed along with the tests (and post-exercise) through a portable gas analyser connected to a respiratory snorkel. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise (at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th min) to determine blood lactate concentration [La–]. The lean mass of the trunk (LMTrunk), upper limb (LMUL), and lower limb (LMLL) was assessed using dual X-ray energy absorptiometry. Anaerobic energy demand was calculated from the phosphagen and glycolytic components, with the first corresponding to the fast component of the (Formula presented.) O2 bi-exponential recovery phase and the second from the 2.72 ml × kg–1 equivalent for each 1.0 mmol × L–1 [La–] variation above the baseline value. The aerobic demand was obtained from the integral value of the (Formula presented.) O2 vs. swimming time curve. The C was estimated by the rate between total energy releasing (in Joules) and swimming velocity. The sex effect on C for each swimming trial was verified by the two-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post hoc test) and the relationships between LMTrunk, LMUL, and LMLL to C were tested by Pearson coefficient. The C was higher for men than women in 50 (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 kJ × m–1), 100 (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 kJ × m–1), and 200 m (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 kJ × m–1) with p < 0.01 for all comparisons. In addition, C differed between distances for each sex (p < 0.01). The regional LMTrunk (26.5 ± 3.6 vs. 20.1 ± 2.6 kg), LMUL (6.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 0.8 kg), and LMLL (20.4 ± 2.6 vs. 13.6 ± 2.5 kg) for men vs. women were significantly correlated to C in 50 (R2adj = 0.73), 100 (R2adj = 0.61), and 200 m (R2adj = 0.60, p < 0.01). Therefore, the increase in C with distance is higher for men than women and is determined by the lean mass in trunk and upper and lower limbs independent of the differences in body composition between sexes.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors would like to express our gratitude to the swimmers for their time and effort and the swimming teams for making both their infrastructures and staff available for the study. DP would like to thank São Paulo Research Foundation – FAPESP.
dc.identifier.citationMassini DA, Almeida TAF, Vasconcelos CMT, Macedo AG, Espada MAC, Reis JF, Alves FJB, Fernandes RJP and Pessôa Filho DM (2021) Are Young Swimmers Short and Middle Distances Energy Cost Sex-Specific? Front. Physiol. 12:796886. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.796886.
dc.identifier.doi10.3389/fphys.2021.796886
dc.identifier.eissn1664-042X
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15168
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherFrontiers Media
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.frontiersin.org/journals/physiology/articles/10.3389/fphys.2021.796886/full
dc.relation.ispartofFrontiers in Physiology
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectoxygen uptake
dc.subjectenergy demand
dc.subjectswimming performance
dc.subjectbody composition
dc.subjectsex
dc.titleAre Young Swimmers Short and Middle Distances Energy Cost Sex-Specific?eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage13
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleFrontiers in Physiology
oaire.citation.volume12
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameEspada
person.givenNameMario
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-4524-4784
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationcf2dd1a6-7b1d-49e7-a8a7-1a84a46def65
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoverycf2dd1a6-7b1d-49e7-a8a7-1a84a46def65

Files

Original bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
Thumbnail Image
Name:
Are Young Swimmers Short and Middle Distances Energy Cost Sex-Specific.pdf
Size:
3.64 MB
Format:
Adobe Portable Document Format
Description:
This study assessed the energy cost in swimming (C) during short and middle distances to analyze the sex-specific responses of C during supramaximal velocity and whether body composition account to the expected differences. Twenty-six swimmers (13 men and 13 women: 16.7 ± 1.9 vs. 15.5 ± 2.8 years old and 70.8 ± 10.6 vs. 55.9 ± 7.0 kg of weight) performed maximal front crawl swimming trials in 50, 100, and 200 m. The oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2) was analyzed along with the tests (and post-exercise) through a portable gas analyser connected to a respiratory snorkel. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise (at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th min) to determine blood lactate concentration [La–]. The lean mass of the trunk (LMTrunk), upper limb (LMUL), and lower limb (LMLL) was assessed using dual X-ray energy absorptiometry. Anaerobic energy demand was calculated from the phosphagen and glycolytic components, with the first corresponding to the fast component of the (Formula presented.) O2 bi-exponential recovery phase and the second from the 2.72 ml × kg–1 equivalent for each 1.0 mmol × L–1 [La–] variation above the baseline value. The aerobic demand was obtained from the integral value of the (Formula presented.) O2 vs. swimming time curve. The C was estimated by the rate between total energy releasing (in Joules) and swimming velocity. The sex effect on C for each swimming trial was verified by the two-way ANOVA (Bonferroni post hoc test) and the relationships between LMTrunk, LMUL, and LMLL to C were tested by Pearson coefficient. The C was higher for men than women in 50 (1.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.3 ± 0.3 kJ × m–1), 100 (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 kJ × m–1), and 200 m (1.0 ± 0.2 vs. 0.8 ± 0.1 kJ × m–1) with p < 0.01 for all comparisons. In addition, C differed between distances for each sex (p < 0.01). The regional LMTrunk (26.5 ± 3.6 vs. 20.1 ± 2.6 kg), LMUL (6.8 ± 1.0 vs. 4.3 ± 0.8 kg), and LMLL (20.4 ± 2.6 vs. 13.6 ± 2.5 kg) for men vs. women were significantly correlated to C in 50 (R2adj = 0.73), 100 (R2adj = 0.61), and 200 m (R2adj = 0.60, p < 0.01). Therefore, the increase in C with distance is higher for men than women and is determined by the lean mass in trunk and upper and lower limbs independent of the differences in body composition between sexes.
Download
License bundle
Now showing 1 - 1 of 1
No Thumbnail Available
Name:
license.txt
Size:
1.32 KB
Format:
Item-specific license agreed upon to submission
Description:
Download

Collections

CIEQV - Artigos
ESECS - Artigos em revistas internacionais