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Projeto de investigação
IMPACTS OF BIOFUELS WELL-TO-WHEEL ON AIR QUALITY IN PORTUGAL
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Evaluation on effects of using low biodiesel blends in a EURO 5 passenger vehicle equipped with a common-rail diesel engine
Publication . Serrano, L.; Lopes, M.; Pires, N.; Ribeiro, I.; Cascão, P.; Tarelho, L.; Monteiro, A.; Nielsen, O.; Silva, M. Gameiro da; Borrego, C.
The effects of the use of low biodiesel blends in performance, fuel consumption and NOx emissions was investigated during tests carried out with a Renault Megane 1.5dCi equipped with recent injection and exhaust emission control technologies. To accomplish this goal, several tests were performed using the European homologation cycle concerning CO2 emissions of vehicles, known as the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). This was executed using a chassis dynamometer, a fuel weighting equipment, an exhaust emissions analyzer and the software developed to acquire data and control the execution of the cycle. Besides the accomplishment of the NEDC cycle tests with three diverse fuel blends, performance tests were also realized, enabling to get the full load engine response considering the use of different fuels.The chosen biodiesel produced from original oils of soybean (84%) and palm (16%), was mixed in proportions of 0%, 7%, and 20% on a volumetric basis, allowing to test comparatively the results for these different fuel blends (B0, B7 and B20).The obtained results reveal some interesting findings regarding all the involved aspects. The consumption was not consistently increased with the use of biodiesel, revealing the existence of other factors besides the lower heating value to explain the fuel consumption differences. Likewise, the NOx emissions with biodiesel use does not present significant raise. In fact, when B20 was used, the levels of NOx emitted by the vehicle present a reduction in all the NEDC, which was more pronounced in the urban part of the NEDC. The performance analysis did not reveal any relevant differences, however the use of B7 promote an improvement on torque and power in the order of 2% relatively to B0.
Emissions characterization from EURO 5 diesel/biodiesel passenger car operating under the new European driving cycle
Publication . Lopes, M.; Serrano, L.; Ribeiro, I.; Cascão, P.; Pires, N.; Rafael, S.; Tarelho, L.; Monteiro, A.; Nunes, T.; Evtyugina, M.; Nielsen, O.J.; Gameiro da Silva, M.; Miranda, A.I.; Borrego, C.
The increasing demand of petroleum based fuels and their use in internal combustion engines have adverse effect on air quality and climate change. Production of biofuels promises substantial improvement in air quality through reducing emission from biofuel operated vehicles. In this study the influence of the fuel mixture on EURO 5 vehicle exhaust emissions operating under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and in hot operating conditions was analysed. Distinct diesel/biodiesel ratios (B0 (100%/0%), B7 (93%/7%) and B20 (80%/20%), volume basis) were considered. Experiments were conducted on a chassis dynamometer examining several pollutants, namely: carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO and NO2), particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) and total volatile organic compounds (VOC). Moreover, a VOC speciation analysis by gas chromatography was performed to explore the emission variations regarding a set of seventeen VOC.The biodiesel fuel blends showed significant differences in combustion efficiency. An increasing amount of biodiesel in the fuel results in decreasing trends regarding NO, and particulate matter emissions. However, nitrogen dioxide and total VOC emissions increase with the biofuel content in the fuel. Moreover, the VOC speciation analysis suggests that the set of VOC present in exhausted gases is clearly fuel dependent.
Characterization of exhaust emissions from a EURO 5 light passenger vehicle using biodiesel blends
Publication . Ribeiro, I.; Monteiro, A.; Serrano, L.; Tarelho, L.; Pires, N.; Cascão, P.; Rafael, S.; Nielsen, O. J.; Nunes, T.; Evtyugina, M.; Silva, M. Gameiro da; Miranda, A. I.; Borrego, C.; Lopes, M.
We have performed experiments using a EURO 5 light passenger vehicle, operated over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC). Fuel blends containing 7% (B7) and 20% (B20) of biodiesel (84% soyabean/16% palm) in petroleum-based diesel were tested and compared with a diesel fuel (B0). The exhaust gases emissions were assessed for NO, NO2, SO2 and volatile organic compounds (VOC), including a speciation analysis of VOC. The experiment reveals that biodiesel blends improve the combustion efficiency, NO and SO2 emissions, and increasing NO2 and total VOC emissions. The VOC speciation analysis suggests that the type and fraction of VOC existent
in exhausted gases is fuel dependent, changing their presence and concentrations according to the fuel used. Additionally, the concentration of the three main VOC species in exhaust gases from B0 (benzene, toluene and octane) decrease 60-80% if a B20 blend is used. This experimental study contributes to a better characterization of the emission factors of EURO 5 light passenger vehicles using diesel/biodiesel blends and to a better understanding of the impact of the use of biodiesel blends on pollutant emissions.
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, Natural sciences ,Natural sciences/Biological sciences
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
Programa de financiamento
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BD/60370/2009