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- Lidocaine supplementation in clove-oil and 2-phenoxyethanol anesthesia for gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)Publication . Tchobanov, Carolina F.; Vaz, Mariana; Pires, Damiana; Passos, Ricardo; Antunes, Luís M.; Baptista, TeresaAnimal welfare and reducing stress during procedures are key objectives for success in animal production. Anesthesia has been used for procedures to reduce animal stress and its negative impact on welfare. This study aimed first to refine the concentrations of the anesthetic clove-oil (CO) and lidocaine (L) in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles (56.0 ± 15.09 g) and then combine clove-oil and 2-phenoxyethanol (2PHE) with the refined concentration of lidocaine. The concentrations of clove-oil (30, 45, and 60 mg L− 1), and the concentrations of lidocaine (2.5, 5, and 7.5 mg L− 1), were evaluated in the refinement trial. Based on these results, a second trial was performed with 45 mg L− 1 CO or 0.4 mL L− 1 2PHE as anesthetics alone or combined with 2.5 mg L− 1 of lidocaine. Results from this work showed an improvement in induction times for 2-phenoxyethanol when lidocaine was added (2PHE 179.53 ± 63.21 s; 2PHE + L 130.65 ± 40.16 s). Recovery time also showed a reduction for clove-oil when lidocaine was used (CO 349.90 ± 123.69 s; CO + L 250.11 ± 51.99 s). The use of lidocaine showed better results, reducing lactate and histological progressive alterations. Lidocaine showed stress-induced oxidative alterations when it was combined with 2-phenoxyethanol. Lidocaine exposure increased ALT, AST, histological regressive alterations for both anesthetics, and gene expression of hsp70 in the gills when clove-oil was used. Further studies are necessary to comprehend the synergistic effects of lidocaine when combined with synthetic and natural anesthetics and to discern potential acute or chronic toxic responses in fish. These insights will be crucial for refining anesthesia protocols and ensuring the well-being of aquatic species in aquaculture practices and research settings.
- Proximate composition and fatty acid profile of Gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) fed with Pelvetia canaliculata supplemented diets: An insight towards the valorization of seaweed biomassPublication . Antunes, Madalena; Neves, Marta; Pires, Damiana; Passos, Ricardo; Carmo, Beatriz do; Tchobanov, Carolina F.; Forte, Sara; Vaz, Mariana; Baptista, Teresa; Tecelão, CarlaSeaweeds are a sustainable source of protein and lipids that may be used to replace fish by-products in aquaculture feed. This study aimed at using the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata as an ingredient in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) feed, either as freeze-dried powder or as algae residue (waste) that was obtained after the supplementation of sunflower oil. The formulated diets and the fish muscle were analyzed concerning the proximate composition and the fatty acid profile. The health lipid indices hypocholesterolemic/ hypercholesterolemic (h/H), atherogenic (AI), thrombogenic (TI), as well as n-3/n-6 and polyunsaturated fatty acid/saturated fatty acid (PUFA/SFA) ratios were calculated. Additionally, the peroxidizability index (PI) was determined. No differences were observed in the proximate composition of fish muscle regardless of the diet used. Fish fed a diet supplemented with 10% of algae waste (W10) stand out for the highest content in oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), and the lowest in both linoleic (C18:2 n-6) and palmitic (C16:0) fatty acids. All fish samples showed values of health lipid indices within the limits recommend for a nutritional balanced diet. These results highlight that fish fed diets supplemented with P. canaliculata are sources of healthy lipids that might be consumed on a regular basis to prevent cardiovascular diseases.
- Pelvetia canaliculata as an aquafeed supplement for gilthead seabream Sparus aurata: A biorefinery approach for seaweed biomass valorisationPublication . Pires, Damiana; Passos, Ricardo; Carmo, Beatriz do; Tchobanov, Carolina F.; Forte, Sara; Vaz, Mariana; Antunes, Madalena; Tecelão, Carla; Baptista, TeresaFor sustainable and economically viable aquaculture, it is necessary to search for alternative sources of aquafeeds. Algae have been studied because of their bioactive compounds with several activities such as antioxidants. The direct incorporation of the macroalgae Pelvetia canaliculata in sunflower oil to increase oxidative stability and biological value results in waste with high nutritional value that may be used as an ingredient in aquaculture feed. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of incorporating algae powder (PEL 1%, PEL 10%) and algae waste obtained after sunflower oil supplementation (WO 1%, WO 10%) in aquafeeds for gilthead seabream. We studied the growth performance, haematological profile, oxidative stress and metabolic parameters, and intestine histomorphology. Experimental diets did not influence growth performance or somatic indexes, and barely affected the haematological profile. Catalase showed higher activity in seabream fed with PEL10 than with control diet. Total glutathione had a higher activity in fish fed with both WO diets. Plasmatic levels of cholesterol were higher in PEL1 and WO10. Triglyceride levels were higher in WO1 and total lipids were higher in both WO diets. The histomorphology of the intestine was slightly modulated by experimental diets but was not affected negatively. In general, supplementation with Pelvetia powder and algal waste oil may be used as an aquafeed for gilthead seabream according to the results obtained for growth, some haematological parameters, catalase and total glutathione, intestinal villi length, and the number of total and acid goblet cells.