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- A Systematic Review of IoT Solutions for Smart FarmingPublication . Navarro, Emerson; Costa, Nuno; Pereira, AntónioThe world population growth is increasing the demand for food production. Furthermore, the reduction of the workforce in rural areas and the increase in production costs are challenges for food production nowadays. Smart farming is a farm management concept that may use Internet of Things (IoT) to overcome the current challenges of food production. This work uses the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA) methodology to systematically review the existing literature on smart farming with IoT. The review aims to identify the main devices, platforms, network protocols, processing data technologies and the applicability of smart farming with IoT to agriculture. The review shows an evolution in the way data is processed in recent years. Traditional approaches mostly used data in a reactive manner. In more recent approaches, however, new technological developments allowed the use of data to prevent crop problems and to improve the accuracy of crop diagnosis.
- Smart Campus Parking – Parking Made EasyPublication . Vieira, Amanda; Rosa, Iolanda; Santos, Ivo; Paulo, Tiago; Costa, Nuno; Maximiano, Marisa; Reis, Catarina I.The number of users of the parking lots from the campus of the Polytechnic of Leiria, a higher education institution in Portugal, has been increasing each year. It is becoming a major concern to the organization to address the high demand for a free parking spot on campus. In order to ease this problem, this paper proposes the design of a smart parking system that can help users to easily find a free parking spot, using an integrated system that includes sensors and a mobile application. The system is based on the information about the occupation status of parking lots generated by parking sensors. This information is available in the mobile application that consumes a REST webservice and is presented to end-users, thus contributing to the decrease of time wasted on the quest of finding a free spot. The software architecture consists on a set of decoupled modules that compute and share the information generated by sensors. This architectural approach is noteworthy because it maximizes the system scalability and responsiveness to change. It allows the system to expand with the integration of new applications and perform updates on the existing ones, without an overall impact on the operations of the other system modules.
- Special Issue on Body Area NetworksPublication . Pereira, António; Costa, Nuno; Fernández-Caballero, Antonio
- Peer-to-Peer Jini for Truly Service-Oriented WSNsPublication . Pereira, António; Costa, Nuno; Serôdio, CarlosIn the past, wireless sensor networks emerged and so did some state-of-the-art applications that ran above them. Most of those applications followed the centralized model and were mainly focused on environmental data gathering, where sensor nodes sensed data from the environment to be sent to an external data server for later processing. Further research took wireless sensor networks to new application areas and, today, this technology gained the ubiquitous status. However, the use of wireless sensor networks is still reserved to experts, mainly due to the huge gap between user applications and the network. This fact has led us to successfully develop a new software stack, capable of running in any sensor node even in the most resource-constrained ones. The new software stack offers a truly service-oriented approach to design and implement applications and follows a widely accepted programming language and programming paradigm.
- Body Area Networks in Healthcare: A Brief State of the ArtPublication . Roda-Sanchez, Luis; Olivares, Teresa; Fernández-Caballero, Antonio; Vera, Daniel; Costa, Nuno; Pereira, António Manuel de JesusA body area network (BAN) comprises a set of devices that sense their surroundings, activate and communicate with each other when an event is detected in its environment. Although BAN technology was developed more than 20 years ago, in recent years, its popularity has greatly increased. The reason is the availability of smaller and more powerful devices, more efficient communication protocols and improved duration of portable batteries. BANs are applied in many fields, healthcare being one of the most important through gathering information about patients and their surroundings. A continuous stream of information may help physicians with making well-informed decisions about a patient's treatment. Based on recent literature, the authors review BAN architectures, network topologies, energy sources, sensor types, applications, as well as their main challenges. In addition, the paper focuses on the principal requirements of safety, security, and sustainability. In addition, future research and improvements are discussed. © 2019 by the authors
- Wireless Body Area Networks for Healthcare Applications: Protocol Stack ReviewPublication . Filipe, Luis; Fdez-Riverola, Florentino; Costa, Nuno; Pereira, AntónioWireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) supporting healthcare applications are in early development stage but offer valuable contributions at monitoring, diagnostic, or therapeutic levels. They cover real-time medical information gathering obtained from different sensors with secure data communication and low power consumption. As a consequence of the increasing interest in the application of this type of networks, several articles dealing with different aspects of such systems have been published recently. In this paper, we compile and compare technologies and protocols published in the most recent researches, seeking WBAN issues for medical monitoring purposes to select the most useful solutions for this area of networking. The most important features under consideration in our analysis include wireless communication protocols, frequency bands, data bandwidth, transmission distance, encryption, authentication methods, power consumption, and mobility. Our study demonstrates that some characteristics of surveyed protocols are very useful to medical appliances and patients in a WBAN domain.
- Unobstructive Body Area Networks (BAN) for Efficient Movement MonitoringPublication . Felisberto, Filipe; Costa, Nuno; Fdez-Riverola, Florentino; Pereira, AntónioThe technological advances in medical sensors, low-power microelectronics and miniaturization, wireless communications and networks have enabled the appearance of a new generation of wireless sensor networks: the so-called wireless body area networks (WBAN). These networks can be used for continuous monitoring of vital parameters, movement, and the surrounding environment. The data gathered by these networks contributes to improve users’ quality of life and allows the creation of a knowledge database by using learning techniques, useful to infer abnormal behaviour. In this paper we present a wireless body area network architecture to recognize human movement, identify human postures and detect harmful activities in order to prevent risk situations. The WBAN was created using tiny, cheap and low-power nodes with inertial and physiological sensors, strategically placed on the human body. Doing so, in an as ubiquitous as possible way, ensures that its impact on the users’ daily actions is minimum. The information collected by these sensors is transmitted to a central server capable of analysing and processing their data. The proposed system creates movement profiles based on the data sent by the WBAN’s nodes, and is able to detect in real time any abnormal movement and allows for a monitored rehabilitation of the user.
- Plataforma Unidose para LaresPublication . Lopes, David Ferreira; Costa, Nuno; Pereira, AntónioA esperança média de vida tem aumentado devido às melhorias que se têm verificado nos serviços de saúde e pela evolução da medicina levando a um envelhecimento da população mundial. As famílias com vidas cada vez mais preenchidas e atarefadas não conseguem prestar o auxílio e o apoio necessário aos idosos levando estes a frequentar cada vez mais Lares e Centros de dia para idosos. Isto leva a que exista uma enorme responsabilidade pela saúde dos idosos por parte dos lares que os acolhem sobretudo ao nível da medicação, delegando grandes responsabilidades a funcionários da instituição. Os funcionários como seres humanos erram, podem errar, haver negligência ao darem a toma de medicação aos idosos. Cada vez mais os idosos têm menos capacidades financeiras devido a situação económica do país e alguns acabam mesmo por ter que deixar a medicação para sobreviverem. A Plataforma Unidose para Lares (PUL) é uma solução para tentar contrariar ou resolver estes problemas. É possível utilizar o sistema Unidose, que permite a venda dos comprimidos à unidade torando-se mais económico e também fazendo a prevenção da toma de medicamentos para não permitir negligencias nem faltas de tomas. Com a utilização da plataforma as vidas dos idosos e funcionários de lares vão ficar mais calmas, com menos preocupações, melhorando assim a qualidade de vida destes.
- Fighting Elders’ Social and Technological Exclusion: The TV Based ApproachPublication . Correia, Luís; Costa, Nuno; Pereira, AntónioWe are assisting to the fastest grow of senior population ever and that tendency has brought several challenges for governments, families and for the elderly. The society was not prepared for that. On the one hand, there are many elderly who live alone in the cities and, on the other hand, active people is moving to the cities looking for a better life while leaving behind the villages where they born and grow and the older family members. On the other side, everyone is expecting the aid of technology in order to solve or at least minimize this problem. This paper present a video-calling service targeted for elderly social and technological exclusion and promoting socialization while using recent technology embedded into well-known electronic devices like TVs. The evaluation of results showed that when assisted technology is encapsulated into everyday objects, older people can use it seamlessly, without any learning curve.
- JavaScript Middleware for Mobile Agents Support on Desktop and Mobile PlatformsPublication . Silva, Carlos; Costa, Nuno; Grilo, Carlos; Veloz, JorgeThe evolution of technology in interconnection solutions such as Networks or the Internet, have allowed many communication architectures to be born and a varied interconnectivity. Here, we present a project that relies on the mobile agent computing paradigm. A middleware using the JavaScript language that allows the execution and ability to move mobile agents through the local network and Internet. This initiative arose as a way of dealing with problems raised by the considerable amount of existing Java based mobile agents middleware, which force the installation of the Java Virtual Machine in the devices, making complicated its execution in operating systems like macOS, iOS and others non-java friendly O.S. Our middleware works steadily in all operating systems, requiring only the installation of node.js. For mobile platforms the middleware is developed using React-native that allows it to run on mobile operating systems such as Android and iOS.