Escola Superior de Saúde
URI permanente desta comunidade:
Navegar
Percorrer Escola Superior de Saúde por Domínios Científicos e Tecnológicos (FOS) "Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica"
A mostrar 1 - 5 de 5
Resultados por página
Opções de ordenação
- Evaluating the Impact of Different Hypercaloric Diets on Weight Gain, Insulin Resistance, Glucose Intolerance, and its Comorbidities in RatsPublication . Melo, Bernardete F.; Sacramento, Joana F.; Ribeiro, Maria J.; Prego, Claudia S.; Correia, Miguel C.; Coelho, Joana C.; Cunha-Guimaraes, Joao P.; Rodrigues, Tiago; Martins, Ines B.; Seiça, Raquel M.; Matafome, Paulo; Conde, Silvia V.; Guarino, Maria PedroAnimal experimentation has a long history in the study of metabolic syndrome-related disorders. However, no consensus exists on the best models to study these syndromes. Knowing that different diets can precipitate different metabolic disease phenotypes, herein we characterized several hypercaloric rat models of obesity and type 2 diabetes, comparing each with a genetic model, with the aim of identifying the most appropriate model of metabolic disease. The effect of hypercaloric diets (high fat (HF), high sucrose (HSu), high fat plus high sucrose (HFHSu) and high fat plus streptozotocin (HF+STZ) during different exposure times (HF 3 weeks, HF 19 weeks, HSu 4 weeks, HSu 16 weeks, HFHSu 25 weeks, HF3 weeks + STZ) were compared with the Zucker fatty rat. Each model was evaluated for weight gain, fat mass, fasting plasma glucose, insulin and C-peptide, insulin sensitivity, glucose tolerance, lipid profile and liver lipid deposition, blood pressure, and autonomic nervous system function. All animal models presented with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia except the HF+STZ and HSu 4 weeks, which argues against the use of these models as metabolic syndrome models. Of the remaining animal models, a higher weight gain was exhibited by the Zucker fatty rat and wild type rats submitted to a HF diet for 19 weeks. We conclude that the latter model presents a phenotype most consistent with that observed in humans with metabolic disease, exhibiting the majority of the phenotypic features and comorbidities associated with type 2 diabetes in humans.
- Geriatric Assessment of the Portuguese Population Aged 65 and Over Living in the Community: The PEN-3S StudyPublication . Madeira, Teresa; Peixoto-Plácido, Catarina; Sousa Santos, Nuno; Santos, Osvaldo; Alarcão, Violeta; Nicola, Paulo Jorge; Lopes, Carla; Clara, João GorjãoIntroduction: As populations live longer, they also aim to live better. A crucial step for this is to improve the understanding about older adults' physical and psychological health. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise the Portuguese population over-65 regarding nutritional status, cognitive function, functional status, symptoms of depression, and loneliness, by sex and age groups. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study including a nationally representative sample of community-dwelling adults aged 65 and over. Trained interviewers collected data face-to-face on demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, health status, nutritional status, cognitive function, functional status for activities of daily living, symptoms of depression, and loneliness feelings. Complex sample procedures were used in the statistical analysis. Results: Overall, 1120 community-dwellers (49.0% women, 21.3% aged ≥ 85) participated in the study. The estimated prevalence of risk of malnutrition was 16.4% (95% confidence interval: 13.3 - 19.9), while 17.7% (95% confidence interval: 12.8 - 23.9) were cognitively impaired, and 28.5% (95% confidence interval: 23.7 - 33.8) presented limitations to perform daily living activities. Moreover, 23.5% (95% confidence interval: 19.7 - 27.7) presented symptoms of depression and 13.6% (95% confidence interval: 10.6 - 17.1) reported loneliness feelings. These conditions were more prevalent among women, and generally more frequent in the oldest individuals (≥ 85). Discussion: Risk of malnutrition, cognitive impairment, functional limitations, depression and loneliness were moderately frequent, which may justify screening and preventive actions at a community level. Conclusion: This study contributed to a national characterisation of the health of older adults, that may inform policies and interventions targeted at the needs of the Portuguese aging population.
- Is olive oil good for you? A systematic review and meta-analysis on anti-inflammatory benefits from regular dietary intakePublication . Fernandes, João; Fialho, Mónica; Santos, Rodrigo; Peixoto-Plácido, Catarina; Madeira, Teresa; Sousa-Santos, Nuno; Virgolino, Ana; Santos, Osvaldo; Carneiro, António VazThe prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rapidly increasing, and evidence shows that diet and lifestyle are key areas of intervention to decrease their burden. Olive oil is considered one of the key nutritional components responsible for the benefits of the Mediterranean diet, which is characterized by the use of olive oil in meals as the main source of fat; a high consumption of water, fruits, nuts, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, spices, and herbs; a moderate consumption of dairy products (mainly cheese and yogurt), fish, poultry, and red wine; and a reduced consumption of red meat and processed foods. The aim of this review was to summarize evidence from randomized controlled trials on the effect of regular dietary intake of olive oil on three inflammatory markers: C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Reviewed RCTs reveal beneficial effects of olive oil by reducing levels of inflammation markers. Olive oil taken on a regular basis can be a good dietary fat alternative, especially to manage IL-6. However, further research is required to clarify the effects of olive oil consumption on inflammation, comparing to other fats. Moreover, olive oil daily dosage, different time-lenght intervention and follow-up periods should be taken into consideration.
- Late-Night Salivary Cortisol: Cut-Off Definition and Diagnostic Accuracy for Cushing’s Syndrome in a Portuguese PopulationPublication . Lages, Adriana De Sousa; Oliveira, Diana; Paiva , Isabel; Oliveira, Patrícia; Rebelo-Marques, Alexandre; Carrilho, Francisco; Frade, João Gonçalo Leal de Oliveira e SilvaIntroduction: Diagnosis of Cushing’s syndrome remains a challenge in clinical endocrinology. Even though late-night salivary cortisol is used as screening tool, individualized cut-off levels for each population must be defined.Material and Methods: Three groups of subjects were studied: normal subjects, suspected and proven Cushing’s syndrome. Salivary cortisol was measured using an automated electrochemiluminescence assay. The functional sensitivity of the assay is 0.018 μg/dL. The diagnostic cut-off level was defined by Receiver Operating Characteristic curve and Youden’s J index.Results: We studied 127 subjects: 57 healthy volunteers, 39 patients with suspected and 31 with proven Cushing’s syndrome. 2.5th- 97.5th percentile of the late-night salivary cortisol concentrations in normal subjects was 0.054 to 0.1827 μg/dL. Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis showed an area under the curve of 0.9881 (p < 0.0001). A cut-off point of 0.1 μg/dL provided a sensitivity of 96.77% (95% CI 83.3 - 99.92%) and specificity of 91.23% (95% CI 80.7 - 97.09%). There was a significant correlation between late-night salivary cortisol and late-night serum cortisol (R = 0.6977; p < 0.0001) and urinary free cortisol (R = 0.5404; p = 0.0025) in proven Cushing’s syndrome group.Discussion: The mean ± SD late-night salivary cortisol concentration in patients with proven Cushing’s syndrome (0.6798 ± 0.52 μg/dL) was significantly higher (p < 0.0001). In our population, the late-night salivary cortisol cut-off was 0.1 μg/dL with high sensitivity and specificity.Conclusion: Late-night salivary cortisol has excellent diagnostic accuracy, making it a highly reliable, noninvasive, screening tool for outpatient assessment. Given its convenience and diagnostic accuracy, late-night salivary cortisol may be added to other traditional screening tests on hypercortisolism
- Veggies4myHeart Project: food and nutrition education tools for pre-schoolers – a SWOT analysisPublication . Braga-Pontes, Cátia; Custódio, Susana; Graça, PedroBackground: Nutrition education tools to promote vegetable consumption in the school context appear as enhancers of children's knowledge and eating behaviors. The purpose of this study is to assess the perspective of the different stakeholders of the Veggies4myHeart project regarding the potential of a digital game, child storybook and the Portuguese Food Wheel Guide to promote vegetable consumption in preschool age. Methods: The sample consisted of 26 participants who were involved in Veggies4myHeart project. This is a qualitative study, using thematic content analysis. The answers were analyzed using the WebQDA qualitative analysis software. Results: Considering the SWOT analysis were identified strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats for each nutrition education tool. Participants identified a greater number of positive and negative aspects regarding digital game. Conclusions: This study has allowed the perspective of creators and/or users of food education tools to be known in relation to their potential to promote the consumption of vegetables at pre-school age. A SWOT analysis of each food education tool gives the possibility to know the constraints or potentialities that may be associated with the dissemination of these tools in the educational community.