Percorrer por autor "Ferreira, J.A.M."
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- Analysis of the initial delamination size on the mode I interlaminar fracture of carbon/epoxy compositesPublication . Reis, P.N.B.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Antunes, F.V.; Costa, J.D.M.; Capela, C.; Capela, Carlos;This paper describes an experimental study of the initial delamination length effects on the mode I fracture toughness using DCB tests. Delamination failure was also predicted using exponential cohesive model and a quite good agreement with experimental results was obtained. Numerical predictions showed a significant influence of initial delamination length on the force-displacement curves.
- Assessment of the fatigue life on functional hybrid laser sintering steel componentsPublication . Ferreira, J.A.M.; Santos, L.M.S.; Silva, J. da; Costa, J.M.; Capela, C.The construction of hybrid parts: comprised of two different materials or obtained by two distinct technological processes is one of the main advantages of laser sintering metal. Various important aspects strongly affect the mechanical properties of sintering metal components: porosity, surface roughness, scan speed, layer thickness, and residual stresses. A major drawback is the occurrence of pores originating from initial powder contaminations, evaporation or local voids after powder-layer deposition, once these pores can act as stress concentrators leading to failure, especially under fatigue loading. The purpose of present work was to study the effect scan speed on the porosity and mechanical properties. Also the performance of two different material parts was studied. The sintering laser parts were manufactured in maraging steel AISI 18Ni300, while the substrates of hybrid specimens were produced alternatively in two materials: the steel for hot work tools AISI H13 and the stainless steel AISI 420. The results showed that a very high scan speed (400 or 600 mm/s) causes the appearance of high porosity percentages and consequent drastic reduction of tensile strength and stiffness. Tensile properties of sintered specimens and two different material parts was similar. However, the fatigue strength of two different material parts tends to decrease, for long lives, when compared with single sintered specimens. © 2015 The Authors.
- Assessment of the fatigue performance of heat-treated addictive manufactured TiAl6V4 specimensPublication . Borrego, L.P.; Jesus, J. de; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Costa, J.D.M.; Capela, C.; Capela, C.Titanium Ti6Al4V alloy has excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance combined with low specific weight, and is commonly used in biomedical applications, automotive and aerospace components, involving fatigue loadings. Current work studies the fatigue behavior under strain amplitude control of titanium TiAl6V4 specimens, intending to characterize fatigue strength from low to high life range after different heat treatments. Fatigue tests were carried out at room temperature, using round dog bone specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM), where laser powder deposition occurred in layers perpendicular to the loading direction. Two batches of specimens were tested: one subjected to a stress relieve treatment and a second one treated by the hot isostatic pressing process (HIP). The material was characterized in terms of the tensile mechanical properties, cycle curve, Basquin and Coffin equations. Additional analysis of the hardness and scanning electron microscopy was carried out to complement the discussion of the results. The obtained dada showed that the stress relieved specimens exhibits significantly cyclic softening, increasing with applied strain, while HIP specimens show a practically stable cyclic behavior in relation to the monotonic curve. Material response for both treatments is well fitted by Basquin and Coffin-Manson formulations. The transition life was 187 reversals and 326 reversals, for stress relieved and HIP specimens, respectively. Fatigue life for a given strain is governed by the strain value, independently of the post manufacturing heat treatment.
- Effect of adherends and environment on static and transverse impact response of adhesive lap jointsPublication . Reis, P.N.B.; Soares, J.R.L.; Pereira, António; Ferreira, J.A.M.Impact response of adhesive joints has received limited attention compared to quasi-static loading. On the other hand, there are very few studies combining moisture and its effect on the impact strength. Therefore, the present paper aims to study the effect of moisture on the tensile and impact strength of single lap joints with different adherends (high limit elastic steel and a commercial composite). It was possible to conclude that adhesive joints with steel adherends are very sensitive to the environment and exposure time. For adhesive joints with composite adherends, the water showed a marginal effect. A marked hygrothermal effect was observed for all joints. For impact loads the environment effect is similar, but much more severe than that observed in tensile tests. For both tests, adhesive failures occurred for adhesive joints with steel adherends and delaminations for joints involving composite.
- Effect of saline environment on mechanical properties of adhesive jointsPublication . Pereira, A. M.; Reis, P.N.B.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Antunes, F.V.Literature reports very few works about the effect of corrosive environments on the mechanical properties of adhesive joints. Therefore, the present study intends to contribute for a better understanding of the effect of saline solution on the mechanical properties of single-lap adhesive joints. The specimens were manufactured using Docol 1000 high strength steel plates with 1 mm of thickness and Araldite® 420 A/B epoxy adhesive. The static shear strength of the joints was influenced by the exposure time in saline solutions only up to 120 h, and remained, after this period, nearly constant. In terms of fatigue strength, for 105 cycles, a decrease about 25% and 39% occurred in specimens immersed during 120 h in deionised water and saline solution, respectively, comparatively to the control samples.
- Effects of external patch configuration on repaired composite laminates subjected to multi-impactsPublication . Coelho, S.R.M.; Reis, P.N.B.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Pereira, AntónioThis work intends to study the impact performance of repaired composites by the overlap patch technique and, for this purpose, experimental tests were carried out on single and double-patch specimens. In order to evaluate the impact fatigue strength, both configurations were submitted to multi-impacts, until the full perforation occurs. It was possible to conclude that the double-patch geometry supports higher maximum loads, lower displacements and promotes higher elastic energies. Relatively to the impact energy of 6 J, for example, the maximum load and the elastic energy is 97.1% and 51.2% higher, respectively, but the maximum displacement is about 50% lower than the values obtained with the single-patch geometry. Higher impact fatigue life was also observed, as consequence of its higher stiffness. The impact bending stiffness confirms the difference of stiffness between them, and shows to be a parameter able to monitor the damage progression.
- Environmental effect on the fatigue crack propagation of AM TiAl6V4 alloy specimensPublication . Borrego, L.P.; Jesus, J. de; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Costa, J.D.; Capela, C.Additive manufactured (AM) parts made in TiAl6V4 alloy are increasingly used in medical devices and in the aeronautical industry, because of its high strength, low weight and excellent biocompatibility. Most of these components work under environmentally assisted cyclic loading, i.e. under corrosion-fatigue. Fatigue performance of additive manufactured alloys is significantly influenced by the porosities, residual stresses, which can be reduced by optimizing the process parameters, thermal treatments or hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Those parameters can also influence significantly to the propagation of cracks under corrosion-fatigue, but the understanding of this subject still needs significant research work. This paper presents the results of a fatigue crack propagation study in titanium TiAl6V4 specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM), under corrosive ambient. The environment solutions studied were: artificial saliva and 3.5%wt NaCl solution. Tests were performed using standard 6 mm thick compact specimens (CT) tested at R=0.05 and with frequency 10 Hz. The main objective was to study the effect of the environment solution on da/dN-∆K curves and on the fatigue failure mechanisms. Current work shows a very important accelerating effect on the crack nucleation and fatigue crack propagation for tests under corrosion ambient, particularly for 3.5%wt NaCl solution. Fatigue path shows an irregular path. Secondary cracking was observed in air, but not detected in corrosive ambient.
- Fatigue behaviour of nanoclay reinforced epoxy resin compositesPublication . Ferreira, J.A.M.; Borrego, L.P.; Costa, J.D.M.; Capela, C.Nanoparticle filling is a feasible way to increase the mechanical properties of polymer matrices. Abundant research work has been published in the last number of years concerning the enhancement of the mechanical properties of nanoparticle filled polymers, but only a reduced number of studies have been done focusing on the fatigue behaviour. This work analyses the influence of nanoclay reinforcement and water presence on the fatigue behaviour of epoxy matrices. The nanoparticles were dispersed into the epoxy resin using a direct mixing method. The dispersion and exfoliation of nanoparticles was characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fatigue strength decreased with the nanoclay incorporation into the matrix. Fatigue life of nanoclay filled composites was significantly reduced by the notch effect and by the immersion in water.
- Fatigue behaviour of selective laser melting steel componentsPublication . Santos, L.M.S.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Jesus, J.S.; Costa, J.M.; C. CapelaSelective laser melting (SLM) is a laser based rapid manufacturing technology that builds metal parts layer-by-layer using metal powders and a computer controlled laser. Various important aspects strongly affect the mechanical properties of sintered metal components, such as: porosity, surface roughness, scan speed, layer thickness, and residual stresses. Therefore, properties of SLM manufactured parts must be carefully analysed, particularly under fatigue conditions. The purpose of this work was to study the effect of scan speed, porosity and microstructure on the mechanical properties and fatigue strength of sintered laser samples. Sintered laser parts were manufactured in maraging steel AISI 18Ni300. Fatigue behaviour is related to process parameters, such as: surface residual stresses, microstructure and porosity. The results showed that a very high scan speed (400 or 600 mm/s) causes the appearance of high percentages of porosity and a consequent drastic reduction of tensile strength and stiffness. Fatigue behaviour was assessed in terms of the traditional S-N curves and of the da/dN–DK crack propagation curves. Fatigue life predictions based on Hartman and Schijve’s equation underestimated significantly fatigue lives, particularly for low stress levels. The results of the tests performed at variable amplitude loading were well fitted by Miner’s law.
- Fatigue Crack Propagation in Shot Peened al 7475-t7351 Alloy SpecimensPublication . Ferreira, N.; Ferreira, J.A.M.; Antunes, P.V.; Costa, J.D.; C. CapelaThe approach to engineering design based on the flaws propagation assumption applying the principles of fracture mechanics is commonly used in aluminum structures for aerospace engineering, in which surface shot peening is an attractive method of improving fatigue performance, because it promotes the retardation of the crack initiation and earlier crack growth. The main purpose of present work was to analyze the effect of the surface shot peening on the fatigue crack propagation of the 7475 aluminum alloy with a T7351 heat treatment. Two types of fatigue tests were performed: constant amplitude and variable amplitude loading in which periodic overload blocks of 300 cycles are applied with intervals of Nint cycles. Surface micro shot peened promoted an increasing in micro-hardness only in order or 6% and created negative surface residual stresses in order of -174 MPa, which compare with the positive residual stresses of +291 MPa on the machined specimens. For tests at constant amplitude loading the effect of surface peening on da/dN-ΔK curves is quite limited, particularly for R = 0.4. However, this beneficial effect increases significantly near the threshold. Repeated overload block reduces significantly the fatigue crack propagation rate, being this effect particularly dependent of the intervals between the blocks. The maximum reduction of crack propagation rate and retardation effects were obtained for Nint = 7500 cycles.