Browsing by Author "Costa, J. D."
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- Cyclic plastic behaviour of 7075 aluminium alloyPublication . Nogueira, F.; Cunha, J.; Mateus, A.; Malça, C.; Costa, J. D.; Branco, R.This paper aims at studying the cyclic plastic behaviour of the 7075-T651 aluminium alloy under fully-reversed strain-controlled conditions. Tests are conducted under strain-control mode, at room temperature, in a conventional servo-hydraulic machine, from smooth samples, using the single step method, with strain amplitudes (∆ε/2) in the range ±0.5 to ±2.75%. This material has exhibited a mixed behaviour, i.e. cyclic strain-hardens at higher strain amplitudes (∆ε/2/>1.1%) and cyclic strain-softens at lower strain amplitudes (∆ε/2<1.1%). A linear relationship between the degree of cyclic strain-hardening and the strain amplitude has been established for higher strain amplitudes. Fatigue-ductility and fatigue-strength properties agree with those found in the open literature for the same loading conditions.
- Dynamic Mechanical Analysis of Hybrid Fibre/Glass Microspheres CompositesPublication . Ferreira, J. A. M.; Capela, Carlos; Costa, J. D.This article presents the results obtained in a current study of the viscous properties on hybrid short fibre/hollow glass microspheres composites fabricated with epoxy binder. The effect of the filler volume fraction and of the fibre reinforcement on the dynamic stiffness modulus, damping coefficient and glass transition temperature was studied. These properties were determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) in three points bending mode. The specimens were cut from plates produced by vacuum resin transfer moulding with microspheres weight contents up to 17%. Net resin exhibits storage modulus significantly higher than the 2% in weight of microspheres foam, while negligible effect was observed on the maximum loss modulus, maximum damping coefficient and glass transition temperature. The increase in filler volume fraction tends to decrease significantly storage and loss modulus at stable regions and the maximum damping coefficient, while glass transition temperature is only marginally affected. The addition of low contents of short fibre increases significantly storage modulus, particularly for carbon fibre, while maximum loss modulus does not exhibit a well‐defined tendency. Important reduction in the maximum damping coefficient was observed by the addition of both fibre reinforcements.
- Fatigue behaviour in hybrid hollow microspheres/fibre reinforced compositesPublication . Ferreira, J. A. M.; Salviano, K.; Costa, J. D.; Capela, C.This article presents the results of a current study concerning the influence of the addition of short fibres on the fatigue behaviour of syntactic foams. The material was obtained by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding adding hollow glass microspheres to an epoxy resin acting as binding matrix. Specimens with microsphere contents up to 50% and fibre reinforcement up to 1.2% in volume were tested at three-point bending at room temperature. Foams show significantly lower static and fatigue strength than an epoxy matrix. A significant decrease in the absolute strength with filler increase was observed, and even specific strength decreases for low filler contents and is nearly constant for the higher filler contents. Fatigue strength also decreases with the increase in filler content. The addition of glass fibre reinforcement produces only a slight improvement in flexure strength, while the addition of carbon fibres promotes an important improvement; a hybrid composite containing 0.9% carbon fibre is about 30% stronger than unreinforced foams. An improvement in fatigue strength more than 30% was obtained by the addition of small percentages of glass or carbon fibre.
- Fatigue crack growth behaviour in Ti6Al4V alloy specimens produced by selective laser meltingPublication . Jesus, J. S.; Borrego, L. P.; Ferreira, J. A. M.; Costa, J. D.; Capela, C.The current study presents the fatigue crack growth behaviour of titanium alloy Ti6Al4V parts manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM), obtained as standard 6 mm thick compact specimens (CT). Both the crack propagation under constant amplitude loading and the transient crack growth behaviour after the application of overloads were studied. The effect of the mean stress and the transient retardation behaviour were analysed using the crack closure parameter, obtained both by compliance and digital image correlation techniques. A reduced crack closure level for the stress ratio R = 0 was detected and for R = 0.4 no crack closure was observed. The digital image correlation technique showed better results in the Paris regime and during the transient retardation behaviour. The overload application produced crack growth retardation due to the increase of the crack closure effect. The failure surfaces showed a transgranular crack growth in β phase contouring the martensitic α phase.
- Fatigue crack growth under corrosive environments of Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by SLMPublication . Jesus, J. S.; Borrego, L. P.; Ferreira, J. A. M.; Costa, J. D.; Capela, CarlosAdditive manufactured parts made of Ti-6Al-4V alloy are increasingly used in medical devices and in the aeronautical industry, because of its high strength, low weight and excellent biocompatibility. Most of these components work under environmentally assisted cyclic loading, i.e. under corrosion-fatigue. Anisotropic microstructure of additive manufactured materials significantly influences the propagation of cracks, particularly under corrosion-fatigue. This paper presents the results of the failure mode and fatigue crack propagation study in titanium Ti-6Al-4V specimens produced by selective laser melting (SLM), under corrosive ambient. Three environment solutions were used: artificial saliva, Ringer's solution and 3.5%wt NaCl solution. Tests were performed using standard 6 mm thick compact specimens (CT) tested at R = 0.05 with frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz. The main objective was to study the effect of the corrosion potential on da/dN-ΔK curves and on the fatigue failure mechanisms. It was observed a very important accelerating effect on the crack initiation and fatigue crack propagation for tests under corrosion ambient, particularly for 3.5%wt NaCl solution, for which fatigue crack growth is 3.3 times higher in comparison with inert ambient tests.
- A study of the mechanical behaviour on fibre reinforced hollow microspheres hybrid compositesPublication . Ferreira, J. A. M.; Capela, C.; Costa, J. D.This paper presents the results of an investigation into the effects of hollow glass microsphere fillers and of the addition of short fibre reinforcements on the mechanical behaviour of epoxy binding matrix composites. Properties like flexural stiffness, compressive strength, fracture toughness and absorbed impact energy, were studied. The specimens were cut from plates produced by vacuum resin transfer moulding having a microsphere contents of up to 50% and with fibre reinforcement up to 1.2% by volume. The tests performed with unreinforced composites show that flexural and compressive stiffness, maximum compressive stresses, fracture toughness and impact absorbed energy decrease significantly with increasing filler content. However, in terms of specific values, both flexural and compressive stiffness and impact absorbed energy increase with microsphere content. The addition of glass fibre produces only a slight improvement in the flexure stiffness and fracture toughness, while increasing significantly the absorbed impact energy. In contrast, the addition of a small percentage of carbon fibres produces an important improvement in both fracture toughness and flexure stiffness, when hybrid composites with 0.9% carbon fibre are compared to unreinforced foam, but did not improved absorbed impact energy.
- A study of the mechanical properties of natural fibre reinforced compositesPublication . Ferreira, J. A. M.; Capela, C.; Costa, J. D.This paper presents the results of a current research of the tensile properties: ultimate strength and stiffness modulus in composites using natural reinforcements. Hemp short fibres and pine sawdust were randomly distributed in polypropylene matrices to produce composite plates with 5 mm thickness by injection moulding technique. The specimens were cut from these plates with bone dog shape or plane bars, and tested in tensile and four points bending, respectively. Stiffness modulus and ultimate stresses were obtained for different weight fraction content of reinforcement and discussed taking in account the failure modes. Four series of pine sawdust reinforced specimens were immersed in water in periods up to 20 days. Periodically, the specimens were removed from the water recipient and immediately tested. The damage effect of water immersion time was discussed based in the tensile results and in the water absorption curves.