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Escolhas alimentares e e de atividade física dos adolescentes: sexo, atitudes alimentares e perceção de autoeficácia geral
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
As escolhas alimentares e de atividade física influenciam de forma relevante o estado de saúde. Importa compreender melhor os fatores e as interações entre os mesmos que contribuem para estas escolhas, nomeadamente no período da adolescência. Pretende‐se assim identificar determinantes da adoção de
comportamentos alimentares e de padrões de atividade física e caracterizar a associação entre a perceção de autoeficácia e os hábitos alimentares e de atividade física em adolescentes portugueses. Realizou‐se um estudo transversal, sobre uma amostra de conveniência de adolescentes (14 ‐ 18 anos). Foram autoadministradas as escalas EHA (escala de hábitos alimentares), IPAQ (questionário internacional de atividade física), TAA‐25 (teste de atitudes alimentares) e GSQ (escala de autoeficácia geral). Os dados foram
tratados com recurso ao software IBM SPSS, v.22.0. As raparigas tendem a assumir comportamentos alimentares mais saudáveis (t=3,84; p<,0001) mas apresentam maior risco de distúrbio do comportamento
alimentar (t=3,54; p<,0001), este associado à motivação para a magreza (t=5,98; p<,0001). Os rapazes praticam mais atividade física (ᵡ2 (2)=28,2; p<,001) e apresentam maior perceção de autoeficácia geral (t=2,45; p<,015). O modelo de regressão multinomial melhor ajustado integra sexo e autoeficácia geral. A resistência à adversidade é a subdimensão que apresenta menor diferença entre sexos mas maior
associação quer com os hábitos alimentares (rP=,32; p<,0001), quer com o padrão de atividade física (rP= ,235; p<,001). Vários estudos revelam que fatores fisiológicos e ideais de beleza podem explicar risco acrescido de desenvolvimento de patologia do comportamento alimentar, por parte das raparigas. A perceção de boa autoeficácia geral será protetora das escolhas alimentares inadequadas, mais frequentes entre os rapazes do que entre as raparigas. As diferenças entre os sexos poderão justificar intervenções diferenciadas no âmbito da educação para a saúde, com especial foco em dimensões como a autoimagem e a autoestima.
Food choices and physical activity have a relevant influence on health status. It is important to understand the network of factors that contribute to the choices. The aim is to identify potential determinants of the adoption of eating behaviors and physical activity and to characterize the association of perceived self‐efficacy on eating habits and physical activity of Portuguese adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was carried out on a sample of 358 adolescents (14 ‐ 18 years old). EHA (eating habits scale), IPAQ (international physical activity questionnaire), TAA‐25 (eating attitudes test) and GSQ (general self‐efficacy scale) were applied and data analysed using the software IBM SPSS v.22.0. Girls tend to assume healthier eating behaviors (t = 3.84, p <, 0001) and present a higher risk of eating disorders (t = 3.54, p <, 0001), mainly associated to the motivation to be thin (t = 5.98, p <, 0001). The boys practiced more physical activity (ᵡ2 (2) = 28.2; p <.001) and presented a higher perception of general selfefficacy (t = 2.45; p <0.015). The model that follows the multinomial regression that best fits integrates sex and general self‐efficacy. Resistance to adversity is the subdimension that presents the smallest difference between the sexes but greater association with either eating habits (rP =, 32; p <, 0001) or with physical activity (rP =, 235; p < 001). Some physiological factors and the ideals of beauty may explain the greater risk of eating behavior pathology in girls. The perception of good general self‐efficacy will protect the inadequate food choices that boys tends to make. Differences found in gender can justify differentiated interventions in health education. Dimensions such as self‐image and self‐esteem should be worked on.
Food choices and physical activity have a relevant influence on health status. It is important to understand the network of factors that contribute to the choices. The aim is to identify potential determinants of the adoption of eating behaviors and physical activity and to characterize the association of perceived self‐efficacy on eating habits and physical activity of Portuguese adolescents. A cross‐sectional study was carried out on a sample of 358 adolescents (14 ‐ 18 years old). EHA (eating habits scale), IPAQ (international physical activity questionnaire), TAA‐25 (eating attitudes test) and GSQ (general self‐efficacy scale) were applied and data analysed using the software IBM SPSS v.22.0. Girls tend to assume healthier eating behaviors (t = 3.84, p <, 0001) and present a higher risk of eating disorders (t = 3.54, p <, 0001), mainly associated to the motivation to be thin (t = 5.98, p <, 0001). The boys practiced more physical activity (ᵡ2 (2) = 28.2; p <.001) and presented a higher perception of general selfefficacy (t = 2.45; p <0.015). The model that follows the multinomial regression that best fits integrates sex and general self‐efficacy. Resistance to adversity is the subdimension that presents the smallest difference between the sexes but greater association with either eating habits (rP =, 32; p <, 0001) or with physical activity (rP =, 235; p < 001). Some physiological factors and the ideals of beauty may explain the greater risk of eating behavior pathology in girls. The perception of good general self‐efficacy will protect the inadequate food choices that boys tends to make. Differences found in gender can justify differentiated interventions in health education. Dimensions such as self‐image and self‐esteem should be worked on.
Description
Keywords
Hábitos alimentares Atividade física Adolescentes
Citation
Cardoso, S., Nunes, C., Santos, O., & Loureiro, I. (2018, maio 18-19). Escolhas alimentares e de atividade física dos adolescentes: sexo, atitudes alimentares e perceção de autoeficácia geral [abstract]. 9º Congresso Internacional de Psicologia da Criança e do Adolescente: Sustentabilidade e Saúde Mental, Lisboa, Portugal