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Golf-Putting Performance in Skilled Golfers at Different Distances to the Hole

2021-12-11Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Química
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Computação e da Informação
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Outras Ciências Naturais
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
dc.contributor.authorDias, Gonçalo
dc.contributor.authorCouceiro, Micael
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Pedro
dc.contributor.authorGomes, Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorMendes, Rui
dc.contributor.authorVaz, Vasco
dc.contributor.authorMartins, Fernando
dc.contributor.authorGama, José
dc.contributor.authorCastro, Maria António
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-06T10:01:26Z
dc.date.available2026-01-06T10:01:26Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-11
dc.description.abstractGolf putting occurs under highly variable conditions. Therefore, adapting to different putting distances is a challenge that the golfer faces and understanding the variables underlying performance in this task is important. The main objective of this study was to analyse the golf-putting performance in skilled golfers at different distances to the hole. Fourteen highly skilled golfers, adult male and right-handed (41.5 ± 13.2 years with an average handicap of 2.3 ± 1.7) performed the golf putting on a natural grass green, completing a total of 120 randomly ordered trials, 30 trials at each of the four different practice conditions (1, 2, 3, and 4 m away from the hole). A smart engineered putter (InPutter) was used as the data acquisition instrument to record several process variables at 100 Hz. Results indicated that golf-putting distances constrained movement organisation variables in specific ways. For example, as the distance to the hole changes, so do the informational constraints, shaping how a golfer needs to regulate performance. We concluded that the effects of different golf-putting distances required the implementation of functional solutions uniquely adjusted to each player. Furthermore, the perception that the player withdrew from the properties of the context (e.g., distance to the hole) was important to adapt the golf-putting process variables (e.g., amplitude and duration of the movement, among others). All these factors led to a decisive influence on how the golfer hit the ball and adjusted his performance. A major implication of developing a better understanding of the role of performance in golf putting is that coaches and players should allow functional movement behaviours to emerge during practice.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable cofunded EU funds under the project n.º UIDB/50008/2020.
dc.identifier.citationDias, G.; Couceiro, M.; Mendes, P.; Gomes, R.; Mendes, R.; Vaz, V.; Martins, F.; Gama, J.; Castro, M.A. Golf-Putting Performance in Skilled Golfers at Different Distances to the Hole. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 11785. https://doi.org/10.3390/ app112411785.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/app112411785
dc.identifier.eissn2076-3417
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15224
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationInstituto de Telecomunicações
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/24/11785
dc.relation.ispartofApplied Sciences
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjecttask constraints
dc.subjectpro-golfer analysis
dc.subjectmotor performance
dc.subjectwireless technology
dc.subjectInPutter
dc.titleGolf-Putting Performance in Skilled Golfers at Different Distances to the Holeeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleInstituto de Telecomunicações
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50008%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage13
oaire.citation.issue24
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleApplied Sciences
oaire.citation.volume11
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCastro
person.givenNameMaria António
person.identifier851910
person.identifier.ciencia-id3914-A4F3-5395
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-1500-355X
person.identifier.ridK-7369-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55195135300
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublication5cfd85f0-ad20-4c05-bb00-c6ba98b4cbdf
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery5cfd85f0-ad20-4c05-bb00-c6ba98b4cbdf
relation.isProjectOfPublication0836c6a6-afd0-499e-8a16-612dd27ec1dc
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscovery0836c6a6-afd0-499e-8a16-612dd27ec1dc

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Golf putting occurs under highly variable conditions. Therefore, adapting to different putting distances is a challenge that the golfer faces and understanding the variables underlying performance in this task is important. The main objective of this study was to analyse the golf-putting performance in skilled golfers at different distances to the hole. Fourteen highly skilled golfers, adult male and right-handed (41.5 ± 13.2 years with an average handicap of 2.3 ± 1.7) performed the golf putting on a natural grass green, completing a total of 120 randomly ordered trials, 30 trials at each of the four different practice conditions (1, 2, 3, and 4 m away from the hole). A smart engineered putter (InPutter) was used as the data acquisition instrument to record several process variables at 100 Hz. Results indicated that golf-putting distances constrained movement organisation variables in specific ways. For example, as the distance to the hole changes, so do the informational constraints, shaping how a golfer needs to regulate performance. We concluded that the effects of different golf-putting distances required the implementation of functional solutions uniquely adjusted to each player. Furthermore, the perception that the player withdrew from the properties of the context (e.g., distance to the hole) was important to adapt the golf-putting process variables (e.g., amplitude and duration of the movement, among others). All these factors led to a decisive influence on how the golfer hit the ball and adjusted his performance. A major implication of developing a better understanding of the role of performance in golf putting is that coaches and players should allow functional movement behaviours to emerge during practice.
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