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A descaracterização do acidente de trabalho: análise comparativa dos regimes jurídicos português e espanhol
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Advisor(s)
Abstract(s)
A figura jurídica da descaracterização dos acidentes de trabalho apresenta-se como a única situação em que é admissível a exclusão da responsabilidade da entidade empregadora pela reparação de danos emergentes de acidente de trabalho, consistindo esta numa exceção ao direito à justa reparação dos danos em causa, previsto constitucionalmente.
Por conseguinte, os requisitos e efeitos inerentes à exoneração da responsabilidade da entidade empregadora pela reparação de danos oriundos de infortúnio laboral ,são distintos nos diversos regimes jurídicos em que se encontra prevista, tendo sido escolhidos como objeto de estudo os ordenamentos jurídicos português e espanhol.
Assim, para a elaboração da presente dissertação foram analisados os instrumentos legais que regulam as matérias em análise, bem como jurisprudência e doutrina de ambos os regimes jurídicos, cujos consagram legalmente a exoneração objeto de estudo.
Nesta senda, a opção de comparar os ordenamentos jurídicos supramencionados prende-se com a decisão dicotómica que estes tomaram para a regulamentação da sinistralidade laboral. Ou seja, em Portugal os acidentes de trabalho são um ramo de direito privado, enquanto em Espanha são um ramo de direito público. O ramo do direito em que os acidentes de trabalho se inserem demonstra ser relevante, na medida em que molda a forma como se prevê suprir as necessidades dos trabalhadores acidentados em cada um destes países.
Em suma, a comparação tecida na presente dissertação procurou evidenciar quais as similaridades existentes na regulamentação da temática escolhida, deixando patente quais as principais características destes regimes que consideramos apresentar uma maior ou menor proteção dos sinistrados.
The legal figure of the mischaracterization of accidents at work is the only situation in which it is permissible to exclude the employer's liability for compensation for damage arising from an accident at work, which is an exception to the right to fair compensation for the damage in question, provided for in the constitution. Therefore, the requirements and effects inherent in the exemption from the employer's liability for compensation for damages arising from an accident at work ,are different in the various legal systems in which it is provided for, and the Portuguese and Spanish legal systems were chosen as the object of study. To prepare this dissertation, we analyzed the legal instruments that regulate the issues under analysis, as well as case law and doctrine from both legal systems, which legally enshrine the exoneration under study. In this respect, the option of comparing the aforementioned regimes is due to the dichotomous decision they have taken to regulate accidents at work. In other words, in Portugal accidents at work are a branch of private law, while in Spain they are a branch of public law. The branch of law in which accidents at work fall is relevant, as it shapes the way in which the needs of injured workers are met in each of these countries. In short, the comparison made in this dissertation has sought to highlight the similarities in the regulation of the chosen subject, highlighting the main characteristics of these regimes which, in our opinion, provide greater or lesser protection for injured workers.
The legal figure of the mischaracterization of accidents at work is the only situation in which it is permissible to exclude the employer's liability for compensation for damage arising from an accident at work, which is an exception to the right to fair compensation for the damage in question, provided for in the constitution. Therefore, the requirements and effects inherent in the exemption from the employer's liability for compensation for damages arising from an accident at work ,are different in the various legal systems in which it is provided for, and the Portuguese and Spanish legal systems were chosen as the object of study. To prepare this dissertation, we analyzed the legal instruments that regulate the issues under analysis, as well as case law and doctrine from both legal systems, which legally enshrine the exoneration under study. In this respect, the option of comparing the aforementioned regimes is due to the dichotomous decision they have taken to regulate accidents at work. In other words, in Portugal accidents at work are a branch of private law, while in Spain they are a branch of public law. The branch of law in which accidents at work fall is relevant, as it shapes the way in which the needs of injured workers are met in each of these countries. In short, the comparison made in this dissertation has sought to highlight the similarities in the regulation of the chosen subject, highlighting the main characteristics of these regimes which, in our opinion, provide greater or lesser protection for injured workers.
Description
Keywords
Acidente de trabalho Descaracterização Reparação de danos Entidade empregadora Exoneração da responsabilidade Sinistrado