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A systematic review on dry-land strength and conditioning training on swimming performance

dc.contributor.authorAmaro, N.M.
dc.contributor.authorMorouço, P.G.
dc.contributor.authorMarques, M.C.
dc.contributor.authorBatalha, N.
dc.contributor.authorNeiva, Henrique P.
dc.contributor.authorMarinho, D.A.
dc.date.accessioned2023-06-14T14:01:48Z
dc.date.available2023-06-14T14:01:48Z
dc.date.issued2019-02
dc.descriptionAcknowledgementsThis project was supported by the National Funds throughFCT — Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technol-ogy (UID/DTP/04045/2013) — and the European Fund forregional development (FEDER) allocated by European Unionthrough the COMPETE 2020 Programme (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006969).pt_PT
dc.description.abstractObjectives. — The objective of this review was to examine the effects of dry-land strength and conditioning (S&C) training on swimming, and starts and turns performances. News. — S&C training is a common practice in swimming aiming to enhance performance or to prevent injuries. However, studies regarding the effects of S&C on swimming performance are scarce; the influence of age, gender or competitive level is even scarcer. Prospects and projects. — After a structured literature search, sixteen studies were included in the current review. Of those, seven did not report any positive or negative effects on swimming performance. Contrarily, most studies with positive effects were conducted with older swimmers whereas maximal strength was the most effective methodology for improving swimming performance. S&C plyometric training is suggested to be the most effective method to improve starts and turns. Future Randomized Controlled Trials should be conducted to explorethe effects of S&C induced by age and gender, on different swimming distances and techniques,and long-term training effects.Conclusion. — It is recommended that S&C training should be based on maximal strength, rangingfrom six to twelve weeks of 2 to 4 sessions per week (approximately 24 sessions altogether). Ineach session, coaches should vary from 2 to 3 sets and 3 to 5 repetitions, according to prescribedintensity. Rest intervals should range between 2 to 5 minutes and the intensity should be from 80to 90% of 1RM. Particularly regarding improving starts and turns, a S&C training regime rangingfrom 6 to 8 weeks and with 2 sessions per week is suggested. In each session, swimmers shouldperform between 1 and 6 sets and 1 and 10 repetitions, according to the established intensity.Rest between sets should range from 60 to 90 seconds. The swimmers in the included studiesare mostly men which do not allow to say if the recommendations made are gender-dependent.© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.pt_PT
dc.description.abstractObjectifs. — L’objectif de cette révision a été d’examiner les effets de l’entraînement de forceà sec sur les performances de nage, départs et virages.Actualités. —L’entraînement de force à sec est une pratique commune en natation et a pour butd’augmenter la performance ou de prévenir les blessures. Pourtant, les études sur les effets dece type d’entraînement sur la performance de nage restent encore peu nombreux ; l’influencede l’âge, le genre ou le niveau compétitif sont des questions encore moins abordées.Perspectives et projets. —À la suite d’une recherche structurée, quinze études furent inclusesdans cette révision. Parmi celles-ci, sept concluaient l’absence d’effet, positif ou négatif, surla performance de nage. En revanche, en ce qui concerne les études qui mettent en avantles effets positifs sur la performance, l’entraînement de force maximum fût la méthodologiela plus performante, pour la plupart, chez les nageurs les plus expérimentés. L’entraînementplyométrique apparaît comme la méthodologie la plus performante pour améliorer la perfor-mance des départs et des virages. Les études futures devraient être menées pour explorer leseffets de l’entraînement de force induits par l’âge et le sexe, sur les différentes distances ettechniques de natation et les effets d’entraînement à long terme.Conclusion. — Il est conseillé que l’entraînement de force à sec repose sur la force maximum,durant une période variant entre 6 et 12 semaines avec 2 ou 4 sessions hebdomadaires. Pourchaque session, les entraîneurs doivent réaliser entre 2 ou 3 séries et entre 3 ou 5 répétitions parsérie, tout en respectant l’intensité requise. Les intervalles de récupération doivent avoir unedurée variable qui se situe entre 2 et 5 minutes, tandis que l’intensité devraient se situer entreles 80 et les 90% de 1RM. Concernant l’amélioration des départs et des virages, il est suggéré quel’entraînement de force à sec varie entre les 6 et les 8 semaines avec 2 sessions hebdomadaires.Au cours de chaque session, les nageurs sont tenus de réaliser entre 1 et 6 séries et entre 1 et10 répétions par série, tout en respectant l’intensité requise. Les intervalles de récupérationdoivent avoir une durée variable qui se situe entre 60 et 90 secondes. Les nageurs des étudescontemplées sont en majorité de hommes auxquels on défend de dire si les recommandationsfaites varient selon le sexe.© 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. Tous droits r´eserv´es.pt_PT
dc.description.versioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersionpt_PT
dc.identifier.citationMorouço P, Fernandes C, Santos-Rocha R. Osteoarthritis, Exercise, and Tissue Engineering: A Stimulating Triad for Health Professionals. J Aging Res. 2019 May 2;2019:1935806. doi: 10.1155/2019/1935806.pt_PT
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2018.07.003pt_PT
dc.identifier.eissn0765-1597
dc.identifier.pmc6525949
dc.identifier.pmid31192012
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/8594
dc.language.isoengpt_PT
dc.peerreviewedyespt_PT
dc.relationResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
dc.relation.publisherversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0765159718302363?via%3Dihubpt_PT
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/pt_PT
dc.subjectSwimmerspt_PT
dc.subjectPerformancept_PT
dc.subjectStartspt_PT
dc.subjectTurnspt_PT
dc.subjectPlyometricpt_PT
dc.titleA systematic review on dry-land strength and conditioning training on swimming performancept_PT
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UID%2FDTP%2F04045%2F2013/PT
oaire.citation.endPagee14pt_PT
oaire.citation.issue1pt_PT
oaire.citation.startPagee1pt_PT
oaire.citation.titleScience & Sportspt_PT
oaire.citation.volume34pt_PT
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
person.familyNameAmaro
person.familyNameMorouço
person.givenNameNuno
person.givenNamePedro
person.identifier435983
person.identifier.ciencia-idE319-6A71-D3DB
person.identifier.ciencia-idF619-3996-742A
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8160-8007
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-5956-9790
person.identifier.ridA-1933-2015
person.identifier.ridK-9545-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id55556754500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24339135400
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
rcaap.rightsopenAccesspt_PT
rcaap.typearticlept_PT
relation.isAuthorOfPublication4011d168-6c47-4de2-941a-9c09f0efe940
relation.isAuthorOfPublication05b28d80-9e18-41cc-a66c-f37955bfc8da
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery4011d168-6c47-4de2-941a-9c09f0efe940
relation.isProjectOfPublicatione59697d4-76dc-4a78-aa35-6bd8fab2e47f
relation.isProjectOfPublication.latestForDiscoverye59697d4-76dc-4a78-aa35-6bd8fab2e47f

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