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O Direito Humano a uma Alimentação e Nutrição Adequada como pilar basilar dos direitos humanos: consagração, proteção e cumprimento de um direito fundamental social
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Abstract(s)
No decorrer da evolução da civilização humana a escassez de alimentos provocou fome,
guerra, conflitos políticos e morte. Em pleno séc. XXI o acesso à saúde e à alimentação
continuam a não estar garantidos de forma equitativa a toda a população mundial.
A Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos proclamada pela Assembleia Geral das
Nações Unidas em 1948 estatui que “todo ser humano tem direito a um padrão de vida
capaz de assegurar a si e à sua família saúde, bem-estar, inclusive alimentação, (…) [e]
cuidados médicos”.
O Direito Humano a uma Alimentação e Nutrição Adequada (DHANA) é um pilar basilar
na promoção e proteção da saúde e, consequentemente, na salvaguarda da dignidade
humana e deve ser compreendido como o direito a uma alimentação saudável, adequada,
nutritiva, equilibrada e variada, bem como o direito ao acesso e disponibilidade
permanente e regular, socialmente justa e adequada aos aspetos biológicos, sociais e
culturais dos indivíduos e da comunidade em que estes se inserem. É, igualmente, o
direito a um alimento seguro, no qual a produção e o consumo de alimentos passa,
impreterivelmente, por uma previsão normativa que fiscalize o uso de agrotóxicos e de
sementes transgénicas, incentive a produção de alimentos orgânicos e proteja o
consumidor na hora de adquirir os produtos.
Deste modo, cabe ao Estado e à comunidade internacional adotar medidas que visem
eliminar ou reduzir a fome, garantir uma alimentação adequada em qualidade e
quantidade e promover a segurança alimentar e nutricional para toda a população.
During the evolution of human civilization, food shortages caused hunger, war, political conflicts, and death. In the 21st century, access to health and food continues not to be guaranteed equally to everyone. However, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by The General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948 states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, (…) medical care”. The Human Right to Adequate Food is a basic pillar in the promotion and protection of health and, consequently, in safeguarding human dignity. This right must be understood as the right to a healthy, adequate, nutritious, balanced and varied diet, as well as the right to permanent and regular access and availability, socially fair and appropriate to the biological, social and cultural aspects of individuals and the community in which they live. The right to a safe food, in which the production and consumption of food are, without fail, subject to a regulatory provision that monitors the use of pesticides and transgenic seeds, encourages the production of organic food, and protects the consumer when purchasing food products. Lastly, it is the State, and the international community’s responsibility to eliminate or reduce hunger, guarantee adequate food in quality and quantity and promote food and nutritional security, through public policies, for the entire population.
During the evolution of human civilization, food shortages caused hunger, war, political conflicts, and death. In the 21st century, access to health and food continues not to be guaranteed equally to everyone. However, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed by The General Assembly of the United Nations in 1948 states that “everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, (…) medical care”. The Human Right to Adequate Food is a basic pillar in the promotion and protection of health and, consequently, in safeguarding human dignity. This right must be understood as the right to a healthy, adequate, nutritious, balanced and varied diet, as well as the right to permanent and regular access and availability, socially fair and appropriate to the biological, social and cultural aspects of individuals and the community in which they live. The right to a safe food, in which the production and consumption of food are, without fail, subject to a regulatory provision that monitors the use of pesticides and transgenic seeds, encourages the production of organic food, and protects the consumer when purchasing food products. Lastly, it is the State, and the international community’s responsibility to eliminate or reduce hunger, guarantee adequate food in quality and quantity and promote food and nutritional security, through public policies, for the entire population.
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Keywords
Alimentação Direito humano a uma alimentação e nutrição adequada Saúde Direitos humanos Segurança alimentar e nutricional