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Influence of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016-T4 thin welds

2009-06Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, D.M.
dc.contributor.authorLoureiro, A.
dc.contributor.authorLeitão, C.
dc.contributor.authorLeal, Rui
dc.contributor.authorChaparro, B.M.
dc.contributor.authorVilaça, P.
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-29T16:12:44Z
dc.date.available2025-04-29T16:12:44Z
dc.date.issued2009-06
dc.description.abstractIn present work friction stir welds produced in 1 mm thick plates of AA 6016-T4 aluminium alloy, with two different tools, were analysed and compared concerning the microstructure and mechanical properties. For each tool, the welding parameters were optimized in order to achieve non-defective welds. Assuming a relation between the welding parameters and the energy input per unit of length of the weld [Seidel TU, Reynolds AP. Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction stir welds using a marker insert technique. Metall Mater Trans A 2001;32A:2879-84; Sato YS, Urata M, Kokawa H. Parameters controlling microstructure and hardness during friction stir welding of precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy 6063. Metall Mater Trans A 2002;33(3):625-35; Lim S, Kim S, Lee CG, Kim S-J. Tensile behavior of friction-stri-welded Al 6061-T651. Metall Mater Trans A 2004;35(9):2829-35; Yang B, Yan J, Sutton MA, Reynolds AP. Banded microstructure in AA2024-T351 and AA2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds: Part I. Metallurgical studies. Mater Sci Eng A 2004;364(1-2):55-65; Peel MJ, Steuwer A, Withers PJ, Dickerson T, Shi Q, Shercliff H. Dissimilar friction stir welds in AA5083-AA6082. Part I: process parameter effects on thermal history and weld properties. Metall Mater Trans A 2006;37:2183-193; Gerlich A, Su P, Yamamoto M, North TH. Effect of welding parameters on the strain rate and microstructure of friction stir spot welded 2024 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci 2007;42(14):5589-601; Lombard H, Hattingh DG, Steuwer A, James MN. Optimising FSW process parameters to minimise defects and maximise fatigue life in 5083-H321 aluminum alloy. Eng Fract Mech 2008;75(3-4):341-54], the welds produced were classified as "hot" and "cold welds". The results obtained showed that the "hot" welds, obtained with the maximum tool rotational speed and the minimum traverse speed, have improved mechanical properties relative to the "cold" welds that were in undermatch condition relative to the base material. The differences in mechanical properties between the two types of welds are explained based in TEM microstructural analysis. Despite the undermatched characteristics of the "cold" welds relative to the base material, formability tests demonstrated that these welds improve the drawing performance of the welded sheets.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe authors are indebted to the Portuguese Foundation for the Science and Technology (FCT) and FEDER for the financial support through the POCI 2010 program and to Novelis Switzerland SA for supplying the aluminium sheets.
dc.identifier.citationD.M. Rodrigues, A. Loureiro, C. Leitao, R.M. Leal, B.M. Chaparro, P. Vilaça, Influence of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016-T4 thin welds, Materials & Design, Volume 30, Issue 6, 2009, Pages 1913-1921, ISSN 0261-3069, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2008.09.016.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.matdes.2008.09.016
dc.identifier.eissn1873-4197
dc.identifier.issn0264-1275
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/12835
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0261306908004792
dc.relation.ispartofMaterials & Design
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectTaylor welded blanks
dc.subjectFriction stir welding
dc.subjectAluminium alloys
dc.subjectThin sheets
dc.titleInfluence of friction stir welding parameters on the microstructural and mechanical properties of AA 6016-T4 thin weldseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage1921
oaire.citation.issue6
oaire.citation.startPage1913
oaire.citation.titleMaterials & Design
oaire.citation.volume30
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameLeal
person.givenNameRui
person.identifier.ciencia-id001C-1230-7699
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-6416-0191
person.identifier.ridF-4418-2017
person.identifier.scopus-author-id18434853300
relation.isAuthorOfPublication46bc598a-4575-4726-aedf-11a2a2cf771e
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery46bc598a-4575-4726-aedf-11a2a2cf771e

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In present work friction stir welds produced in 1 mm thick plates of AA 6016-T4 aluminium alloy, with two different tools, were analysed and compared concerning the microstructure and mechanical properties. For each tool, the welding parameters were optimized in order to achieve non-defective welds. Assuming a relation between the welding parameters and the energy input per unit of length of the weld [Seidel TU, Reynolds AP. Visualization of the material flow in AA2195 friction stir welds using a marker insert technique. Metall Mater Trans A 2001;32A:2879-84; Sato YS, Urata M, Kokawa H. Parameters controlling microstructure and hardness during friction stir welding of precipitation-hardenable aluminum alloy 6063. Metall Mater Trans A 2002;33(3):625-35; Lim S, Kim S, Lee CG, Kim S-J. Tensile behavior of friction-stri-welded Al 6061-T651. Metall Mater Trans A 2004;35(9):2829-35; Yang B, Yan J, Sutton MA, Reynolds AP. Banded microstructure in AA2024-T351 and AA2524-T351 aluminum friction stir welds: Part I. Metallurgical studies. Mater Sci Eng A 2004;364(1-2):55-65; Peel MJ, Steuwer A, Withers PJ, Dickerson T, Shi Q, Shercliff H. Dissimilar friction stir welds in AA5083-AA6082. Part I: process parameter effects on thermal history and weld properties. Metall Mater Trans A 2006;37:2183-193; Gerlich A, Su P, Yamamoto M, North TH. Effect of welding parameters on the strain rate and microstructure of friction stir spot welded 2024 aluminum alloy. J Mater Sci 2007;42(14):5589-601; Lombard H, Hattingh DG, Steuwer A, James MN. Optimising FSW process parameters to minimise defects and maximise fatigue life in 5083-H321 aluminum alloy. Eng Fract Mech 2008;75(3-4):341-54], the welds produced were classified as "hot" and "cold welds". The results obtained showed that the "hot" welds, obtained with the maximum tool rotational speed and the minimum traverse speed, have improved mechanical properties relative to the "cold" welds that were in undermatch condition relative to the base material. The differences in mechanical properties between the two types of welds are explained based in TEM microstructural analysis. Despite the undermatched characteristics of the "cold" welds relative to the base material, formability tests demonstrated that these welds improve the drawing performance of the welded sheets.
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