Publicação
Hierarchical frequency control in multi-microgrids: The participation of electric vehicles
| dc.contributor.author | Gil, Nuno | |
| dc.contributor.author | Issicaba, D. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Rocha Almeida, P. M. | |
| dc.contributor.author | Lopes, J. A. Peças | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2026-01-23T17:52:35Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2026-01-23T17:52:35Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2011 | |
| dc.description.abstract | The operation and planning of Low Voltage (LV) and Medium Voltage (MV) distribution networks have been changing over the last decade. Due to the presence of Distributed Generation (DG) and microgeneration, an active role has been attributed to these networks in grid operation. For this accomplishment, different conceptual approaches were developed. In [1], a hierarchical control structure was defined, considering that DG units, onload tap changer transformers, static var compensators and loads can be controlled by a hierarchically higher entity, the Central Autonomous Management Unit (CAMC). The CAMC is also responsible for the management of specific LV networks, the MicroGrids (MG), which in turn have autonomy to manage their loads and microgeneration units through an entity called MicroGrid Central Controller (MGCC). A MV grid with these characteristics plus some storage devices would then be called a Multi-MicroGrid (MMG), being, among other functionalities, able to operate isolated from the upstream network. The recent appearance of a new type of load to the system, the Electric Vehicle (EV), expected to be largely integrated in the electricity grids in the upcoming years, has a great potential for adding controllability to the MMG. In this paper, an EV control droop (see [2]) will be introduced to improve the MMG performance when EVs operate as active elements. EV controllers are then able to receive setpoints from the CAMC and also actively update the droop settings in order to deal with different events that may occur on the MMG, for instance when moving from interconnected to islanded mode of operation. The performance of the MMG with controllable EV will be compared with a MMG without the participation of EV. Additionally, multiple philosophies for setting the droops will be tested, considering that EV may inject power into the grid as storage devices or just act as controllable loads. Simulation results were obtained exploiting a dynamic simulation platform developed using the EUROSTAG and MATLAB environments. | eng |
| dc.description.sponsorship | This work was supported in part by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under SFRH/BD/43049/2008 and SFRH/BD/47973/2008 grants and by Fundo de Apoio à Inovação (Ministério da Economia, da Inovação e do Desenvolvimento), within the framework of the Project REIVE – Redes Eléctricas Inteligentes com Veículos Eléctricos, and by the European Commission within the framework of the European Project MERGE – Mobile Energy Resources in Grids of Electricity, contract nr.241399 (FP7). | |
| dc.identifier.citation | Gil N., Issicaba D., Rocha Almeida P.M., Peças Lopes J.A., Hierarchical frequency control in multi-microgrids: The participation of electric vehicles (2011) CIGRE 2011 Bologna Symposium - The Electric Power System of the Future: Integrating Supergrids and Microgrids | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15479 | |
| dc.language.iso | eng | |
| dc.peerreviewed | yes | |
| dc.publisher | CIGRE | |
| dc.relation | PROGRAMA MIT | |
| dc.relation | SFRH/BD/47973/2008 | |
| dc.relation.hasversion | https://www.e-cigre.org/publications/detail/symp-bol-2011-bologna-the-electric-power-system-of-the-future-integrating-supergrids-and-microgrids.html | |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | |
| dc.subject | Distributed Generation | |
| dc.subject | Frequency Control | |
| dc.subject | Multi-Microgrid | |
| dc.subject | Electric Vehicles | |
| dc.title | Hierarchical frequency control in multi-microgrids: The participation of electric vehicles | eng |
| dc.type | conference object | |
| dspace.entity.type | Publication | |
| oaire.awardTitle | PROGRAMA MIT | |
| oaire.awardURI | http://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15099 | |
| oaire.citation.conferenceDate | 2011 | |
| oaire.citation.conferencePlace | Bolonha, Itália | |
| oaire.citation.title | CIGRE 2011 Bologna Symposium - The Electric Power System of the Future: Integrating Supergrids and Microgrids | |
| oaire.version | http://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85 | |
| person.familyName | Gil | |
| person.givenName | Nuno | |
| person.identifier.orcid | 0000-0002-1414-7754 | |
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| relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery | 581f6a3d-9655-4c4a-b036-0b8ffbf3d96f | |
| relation.isProjectOfPublication | db414791-23c8-47c0-9053-6cf780b14dae | |
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