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Implementação de sistema VECTO em veículos em Portugal
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Abstract(s)
O presente projeto tem como objetivo implementar a ferramenta VECTO em veículos em Portugal e analisar a ferramenta e todos os seus parâmetros de simulação, de forma a numa fase final simular um veículo real para fins de homologação e de otimização.
A VECTO, ou Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation Tool, é uma ferramenta de simulação desenvolvida pela Comissão Europeia utilizada para o cálculo do consumo de combustível e de emissões de CO2 de veículos pesados para fins de homologação. Antes de ser efetuada a matrícula de qualquer veículo pesado é necessário efetuar uma simulação nesta ferramenta, que tem como objetivo garantir a existência de um método de simulação normalizado para calcular o consumo de combustível e de emissões de CO2.
Inicialmente neste projeto são apresentados alguns dados referentes aos gases de efeito de estufa e quais os setores que mais contribuem para as emissões destes gases. De seguida é resumida a legislação relacionada com a ferramenta VECTO e quais os limites de emissões de CO2 que os veículos necessitam de cumprir, assim como as coimas aplicadas caso não haja cumprimento. Após esta introdução ao tema analisou-se a ferramenta VECTO e todos os parâmetros necessários para efetuar uma simulação. Relacionado a esta análise verificou-se qual a influência que certos parâmetros têm no consumo de combustível e nas emissões de CO2 concluindo-se que a resistência aerodinâmica, a carga transportada pelo veículo e a resistência ao rolamento são os parâmetros que mais influenciam o consumo de combustível e consequentemente as emissões de CO2. Devido à pouca fabricação de veículos trator em Portugal e à maior fabricação de reboques em Portugal decidiu-se analisar a ferramenta VECTO Trailer, uma ferramenta especializada no cálculo da influência do reboque no consumo de combustível e emissões de CO2 de um veículo pesado. Também se observou qual o impacto de certos parâmetros no consumo de combustível e nas emissões de CO2.
Para finalizar este projeto decidiu-se simular dois casos reais e utilizou-se a ferramenta VECTO Trailer para simular a homologação de um semirreboque e utilizou-se a ferramenta VECTO para simular o consumo de um camião rígido conhecido num percurso conhecido e assim verificar qual a precisão da ferramenta. Também se otimizou o camião rígido com a colocação de pneus mais eficientes e com a introdução de dispositivos aerodinâmicos, ambos com o objetivo de reduzir o consumo de combustível e obter retorno financeiro.
The aim of this project is to implement the VECTO tool in vehicles in Portugal and to analyse the tool and all its simulation parameters, so that in the final phase a real vehicle can be simulated for homologation and optimisation purposes. VECTO, or Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation Tool, is a simulation tool developed by the European Commission used to calculate the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of heavy vehicles for type-approval purposes. Before any heavy goods vehicle can be registered, a simulation must be carried out using this tool, which aims to ensure that there is a standardised simulation method for calculating fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Firstly in this project some data is presented on greenhouse gases and which sectors contribute most to emissions of these gases. This is followed by a summary of the legislation related to the VECTO tool and the CO2 emission limits that vehicles need to comply with, as well as the fines applied in the event of non-compliance. After this introduction to the subject, the VECTO tool and all the parameters needed to carry out a simulation were analysed. Related to this analysis, the influence of certain parameters on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions was analysed and it was concluded that aerodynamic resistance, the load carried by the vehicle and the rolling resistance are the parameters that most influence fuel consumption and consequently CO2 emissions. Due to the low number of tractor units manufactured in Portugal and the higher number of trailers manufactured in Portugal, it was decided to analyse the VECTO Trailer tool, a tool specialised in calculating the influence of the trailer on the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of a heavy vehicle. The influence of certain parameters on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions was also analysed. To finalise this project, it was decided to simulate two real cases and use the VECTO Trailer tool to simulate the homologation of a semi-trailer and the VECTO tool to simulate the consumption of a known rigid truck on a known route and thus check the accuracy of the tool. The rigid truck was also optimised by fitting more efficient tyres and by introducing aerodynamic devices, both with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and obtaining a financial return.
The aim of this project is to implement the VECTO tool in vehicles in Portugal and to analyse the tool and all its simulation parameters, so that in the final phase a real vehicle can be simulated for homologation and optimisation purposes. VECTO, or Vehicle Energy Consumption calculation Tool, is a simulation tool developed by the European Commission used to calculate the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of heavy vehicles for type-approval purposes. Before any heavy goods vehicle can be registered, a simulation must be carried out using this tool, which aims to ensure that there is a standardised simulation method for calculating fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. Firstly in this project some data is presented on greenhouse gases and which sectors contribute most to emissions of these gases. This is followed by a summary of the legislation related to the VECTO tool and the CO2 emission limits that vehicles need to comply with, as well as the fines applied in the event of non-compliance. After this introduction to the subject, the VECTO tool and all the parameters needed to carry out a simulation were analysed. Related to this analysis, the influence of certain parameters on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions was analysed and it was concluded that aerodynamic resistance, the load carried by the vehicle and the rolling resistance are the parameters that most influence fuel consumption and consequently CO2 emissions. Due to the low number of tractor units manufactured in Portugal and the higher number of trailers manufactured in Portugal, it was decided to analyse the VECTO Trailer tool, a tool specialised in calculating the influence of the trailer on the fuel consumption and CO2 emissions of a heavy vehicle. The influence of certain parameters on fuel consumption and CO2 emissions was also analysed. To finalise this project, it was decided to simulate two real cases and use the VECTO Trailer tool to simulate the homologation of a semi-trailer and the VECTO tool to simulate the consumption of a known rigid truck on a known route and thus check the accuracy of the tool. The rigid truck was also optimised by fitting more efficient tyres and by introducing aerodynamic devices, both with the aim of reducing fuel consumption and obtaining a financial return.
Description
Keywords
VECTO VECTO Trailer Consumo de combustível Emissões de CO2 Homologação