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A Survey on Over-The-Air Linearization Methods for MIMO Systems

2021-04-16Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Matemáticas
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia
datacite.subject.sdg10:Reduzir as Desigualdades
datacite.subject.sdg11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis
dc.contributor.authorJordão, Marina
dc.contributor.authorCaldeirinha, Rafael
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Arnaldo S. R.
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Nuno Borges
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-10T17:02:31Z
dc.date.available2026-03-10T17:02:31Z
dc.date.issued2021-04-16
dc.description.abstractTransmitter antenna arrays are typically coupled to several RF chains, which imposes stringent requirements on the linearization of each power amplifier (PA) present in the system. For this and other reasons discussed in this work, Over-the-air (OTA) linearization methods are considered to linearize transmitter antenna arrays in 5G scenarios. However, several factors need to be considered when applying OTA linearization methods. In this paper, an extended critical review of validated OTA linearization methods is presented. The main goal is to point out and discuss the most prominent methods, in order to determine which one is the most suitable for a specific application. In particular, analysis for each method is performed and, subsequently, their benefits and the disadvantages are systematically discussed. This is sought to fill-in a gap in the scientific literarure and, thus, to help radio-frequency engineers in the implementation of OTA digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work of M.J. was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (F.C.T.) through Fundo Social Europeu (FSE), UE and by Programa Operacional Regional do Centro under Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/143204/2019. This work was sponsored in part by the Roger Pollard Student Fellowship from the Automatic RF Techniques Group. This work is funded by FCT/MCTES through national funds and when applicable co-funded EU funds under the project UIDB/50008/2020-UIDP/50008/2020.
dc.identifier.citationJordão, M.; Caldeirinha, R.; Oliveira, A.S.R.; Carvalho, N.B. A Survey on Over-The-Air Linearization Methods for MIMO Systems. Energies 2021, 14, 2225. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14082225.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/en14082225
dc.identifier.eissn1996-1073
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15824
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationInstituto de Telecomunicações
dc.relationInstituto de Telecomunicações
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/8/2225
dc.relation.ispartofEnergies
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectantenna array
dc.subjectdigital pre-distortion (DPD)
dc.subjectlinearization
dc.subjectmultiple input multiple output (MIMO)
dc.subjectover-the-air (OTA)
dc.titleA Survey on Over-The-Air Linearization Methods for MIMO Systemseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/50008/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDP/50008/2020
oaire.awardTitleInstituto de Telecomunicações
oaire.awardTitleInstituto de Telecomunicações
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50008%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDP%2F50008%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage17
oaire.citation.issue8
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleEnergies
oaire.citation.volume14
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCaldeirinha
person.givenNameRafael
person.identifier.ciencia-id4D18-2B1E-0960
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0297-7870
person.identifier.ridF-1499-2015
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7801603527
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb04f8672-d7af-443e-9104-ae8698dcdc9d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb04f8672-d7af-443e-9104-ae8698dcdc9d
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Transmitter antenna arrays are typically coupled to several RF chains, which imposes stringent requirements on the linearization of each power amplifier (PA) present in the system. For this and other reasons discussed in this work, Over-the-air (OTA) linearization methods are considered to linearize transmitter antenna arrays in 5G scenarios. However, several factors need to be considered when applying OTA linearization methods. In this paper, an extended critical review of validated OTA linearization methods is presented. The main goal is to point out and discuss the most prominent methods, in order to determine which one is the most suitable for a specific application. In particular, analysis for each method is performed and, subsequently, their benefits and the disadvantages are systematically discussed. This is sought to fill-in a gap in the scientific literarure and, thus, to help radio-frequency engineers in the implementation of OTA digital pre-distortion (DPD) techniques for multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems.
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