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Effect of heat treatment on smoothie quality by response surface methodology

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Abstract(s)

Smoothies are a popular and convenient way for to consume bioactive compounds from fruits and vegetables such as total phenolics, carotenoids and flavonoids, with the preservation treatment being an important action to guarantee the safety and extension of shelf-life. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the impact of heat treatment (HT) on smoothie prepared with “Fuji “apple (41%), pineapple (31%), cabbage (8%), pumpkin (10%) and banana (10%), by response surface methodology (RSM), where the temperature (70–100 °C) and treatment time (0.5–10.5 min), were the dependent variables. After optimization of HT conditions, a validation assay was performed to guarantee the minimal changes on color and reduction of 90% of polyphenoloxidase enzyme (PPO). Antioxidant activity (Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP), DPPH, ABTS), total phenolics content (TPC), pH and solids soluble content were also analyzed. Predicted models of color parameters (L*, a*, ºh) and PPO enzymatic activity were found to be significant (p < 0.05) with regression coefficients (R2) of 0.84, 0.86, 0.92 and 0.97, respectively. From the RSM-generated model, the HT conditions that ensure a minimal green loss of smoothie and inactivation of PPO enzyme was at 85 °C over 7 min. In the validation study, these conditions were tested and proved to be sufficient to achieve the main goals. In the heat-treated smoothie, increases in TPC (10%) and antioxidant capacity (ABTS: 50%, DPPH: 17%, FRAP: 13%) were attained. This study demonstrated that RSM was efficient to select the optimal conditions of HT and improve the important quality properties that influence the product quality and the potential consumer’s health (TPC and antioxidant capacity).

Description

Funding: All authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the CONVIT09 (QREN 11474) project. The author J.P. thanks the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, through the strategic project UIDB/04292/2020 granted to MARE and the Integrated Programme of SR&TD “Smart Valorization of Endogenous Marine Biological Resources Under a Changing Climate” (reference Centro-01-0145-FEDER-000018), cofunded by the Centro 2020 Programme, Portugal 2020, European Union, through the European Regional Development Fund. The author E. M. Gonçalves gratefully acknowledges the support of Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia through the research units UIDP/04035/2020 (GeoBioTec).

Keywords

Fruits Vegetable Heat treatment Total phenolic content RSM Antioxidant capacity

Citation

Pinheiro, J.; Santos, D.I.; Gonçalves, E.M.; Abreu, M.; Moldão-Martins, M. Effect of Heat Treatment on Smoothie Quality by Response Surface Methodology. Proceedings 2021, 70, 6. https://doi. org/10.3390/foods_2020-07626

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