Scalable Light Field Representation and Coding for Immersive Systems

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Light field image coding with flexible viewpoint scalability and random access

Publication . Monteiro, Ricardo J. S.; Rodrigues, Nuno M. M.; Faria, Sérgio M. M.; Nunes, Paulo J. L.

This paper proposes a novel light field image compression approach with viewpoint scalability and random access functionalities. Although current state-of-the-art image coding algorithms for light fields already achieve high compression ratios, there is a lack of support for such functionalities, which are important for ensuring compatibility with different displays/capturing devices, enhanced user interaction and low decoding delay. The proposed solution enables various encoding profiles with different flexible viewpoint scalability and random access capabilities, depending on the application scenario. When compared to other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed approach consistently presents higher bitrate savings (44% on average), namely when compared to pseudo-video sequence coding approach based on HEVC. Moreover, the proposed scalable codec also outperforms MuLE and WaSP verification models, achieving average bitrate saving gains of 37% and 47%, respectively. The various flexible encoding profiles proposed add fine control to the image prediction dependencies, which allow to exploit the tradeoff between coding efficiency and the viewpoint random access, consequently, decreasing the maximum random access penalties that range from 0.60 to 0.15, for lenslet and HDCA light fields.

2021-05Journal article

Restricted access

Light Field Image Coding Based on Hybrid Data Representation

Publication . Monteiro, Ricardo J. S.; Rodrigues, Nuno M. M.; Faria, Sérgio M.M.; Nunes, Paulo J. L.

This paper proposes a novel efficient light field coding approach based on a hybrid data representation. Current state-of-the-art light field coding solutions either operate on micro-images or sub-aperture images. Consequently, the intrinsic redundancy that exists in light field images is not fully exploited, as is demonstrated. This novel hybrid data representation approach allows to simultaneously exploit four types of redundancies: i) sub-aperture image intra spatial redundancy, ii) sub-aperture image inter-view redundancy, iii) intra-micro-image redundancy, and iv) inter-micro-image redundancy between neighboring micro-images. The proposed light field coding solution allows flexibility for several types of baselines, by adaptively exploiting the most predominant type of redundancy on a coding block basis. To demonstrate the efficiency of using a hybrid representation, this paper proposes a set of efficient pixel prediction methods combined with a pseudo-video sequence coding approach, based on the HEVC standard. Experimental results show consistent average bitrate savings when the proposed codec is compared to relevant state-ofthe-art benchmarks. For lenslet light field content, the proposed coding algorithm outperforms the HEVCbased pseudo-video sequence coding benchmark by an average bitrate savings of 23%. It is shown for the same light field content that the proposed solution outperforms JPEG Pleno verification models MuLE and WaSP, as these codecs are only able to achieve 11% and −14% bitrate savings over the same HEVC-based benchmark, respectively. The performance of the proposed coding approach is also validated for light fields with wider baselines, captured with high-density camera arrays, being able to outperform both the HEVCbased benchmark, as well as MuLE and WaSP.

2020-07-02Journal article

Open access

Optimized Reference Picture Selection for Light Field Image Coding

Publication . Monteiro, J. S. Ricardo; Nunes, J. L. Paulo; M. M. Rodrigues, Nuno; Faria, Sergio

This paper proposes a new reference picture selection method for light field image coding using the pseudovideo sequence (PVS) format. State-of-the-art solutions to encode light field images using the PVS format rely on video coding standards to exploit the inter-view redundancy between each sub-aperture image (SAI) that composes the light field. However, the PVS scanning order is not usually considered by the video codec. The proposed solution signals the PVS scanning order to the decoder, enabling implicit optimized reference picture selection for each specific scanning order. With the proposed method each reference picture is selected by minimizing the Euclidean distance to the current SAI being encoded. Experimental results show that, for the same PVS scanning order, the proposed optimized reference picture selection codec outperforms HEVC video coding standard for light field image coding, up to 50% in terms of bitrate savings

2019-09Conference proceedings

Open access