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Projeto de investigação
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRODUÇÃO DE FORÇA EM NADO AMARRADO E EM SECO: RELAÇÃO COM A PERFORMANCE DESPORTIVA; DIFERENÇAS BILATERAIS DE FORÇA E INDICADORES DE CAPACIDADE ANAERÓBIA
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Quantification of upper limb kinetic asymmetries in front crawl swimming
Publication . Morouço, Pedro; Marinho, Daniel A.; Fernandes, Ricardo J.; Marques, Mário C.
This study aimed at quantifying upper limb kinetic asymmetries in maximal front crawl swimming and to examine if these asymmetries would affect the contribution of force exertion to swimming performance. Eighteen high level male swimmers with unilateral breathing patterns and sprint or middle distance specialists, volunteered as participants. A load-cell was used to quantify the forces exerted in water by completing a 30. s maximal front crawl tethered swimming test and a maximal 50. m free swimming was considered as a performance criterion. Individual force-time curves were obtained to calculate the mean and maximum forces per cycle, for each upper limb. Following, symmetry index was estimated and breathing laterality identified by questionnaire. Lastly, the pattern of asymmetries along the test was estimated for each upper limb using linear regression of peak forces per cycle. Asymmetrical force exertion was observed in the majority of the swimmers (66.7%), with a total correspondence of breathing laterality opposite to the side of the force asymmetry. Forces exerted by the dominant upper limb presented a higher decrease than from the non-dominant. Very strong associations were found between exerted forces and swimming performance, when controlling the isolated effect of symmetry index. Results point that force asymmetries occur in the majority of the swimmers, and that these asymmetries are most evident in the first cycles of a maximum bout. Symmetry index stood up as an influencing factor on the contribution of tethered forces over swimming performance. Thus, to some extent, a certain degree of asymmetry is not critical for short swimming performance.
Relative Contribution of Arms and Legs in 30 s Fully Tethered Front Crawl Swimming
Publication . Morouço, Pedro, G.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Izquierdo, Mikel; Neiva, Henrique; Marques, Mário C.
The relative contribution of arm stroke and leg kicking to maximal fully tethered front crawl swimming performance remains to be solved. Twenty-three national level young swimmers (12 male and 11 female) randomly performed 3 bouts of 30 s fully tethered swimming (using the whole body, only the arm stroke, and only the leg kicking). A load-cell system permitted the continuous measurement of the exerted forces, and swimming velocity was calculated from the time taken to complete a 50 m front crawl swim. As expected, with no restrictions swimmers were able to exert higher forces than that using only their arm stroke or leg kicking.
Tethered Swimming Can Be Used to Evaluate Force Contribution for Short-Distance Swimming Performance
Publication . Morouço, Pedro G.; Marinho, Daniel A.; Keskinen, Kari L.; Badillo, Juan J.; Marques, Mário C.
Morouço, PG, Marinho, DA, Keskinen, KL, Badillo, JJ, and Marques, MC. Tethered swimming can be used to evaluate force contribution for short-distance swimming performance. J Strength Cond Res 28(11): 3093-3099, 2014-The purpose of this study was two-fold: (a) to compare stroke and the physiological responses between maximal tethered and free front crawl swimming and (b) to evaluate the contribution of force exertion for swimming performance over short distances. A total of 34 male swimmers, representing various levels of competitive performance, participated in this study. Each participant was tested in both a 30-second maximal tethered swimming test and a 50-m free swimming test. The tethered force parameters, the swimming speed, stroke (stroke rate [SR]), and the physiological responses (increase in blood lactate concentration [ΔBLa], heart rate, and rate of perceived exertion) were recorded and calculated. The results showed no differences in stroke and the physiological responses between tethered and free swimming, with a high level of agreement for the SR and DBLa. A strong correlation was obtained between the maximum impulse of force per stroke and the speed (r = 0.91; p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the maximum impulse and SR in the tethered condition explained 84% of the free swimming performance. The relationship between the swimming speed and maximum force tended to be nonlinear, whereas linear relationships were observed with the maximum impulse. This study demonstrates that tethered swimming does not significantly alter stroke and the physiological responses compared with free swimming, and that the maximum impulse per stroke should be used to evaluate the balance between force and the ability to effectively apply force during sprint swimming. Consequently, coaches can rely on tethered forces to identify strength deficits and improve swimming performance over short distances.
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, Medical and health sciences ,Medical and health sciences/Health sciences
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Entidade financiadora
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P.
Programa de financiamento
FARH
Número da atribuição
SFRH/BD/66910/2009