Browsing by Issue Date, starting with "2025-04-07"
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- Behavioral Regulation Sport Questionnaire e Sport Motivation Scale–II: Comparação de escalasPublication . Bica, Joana Francisca Ferreira; Monteiro, Diogo Manuel Teixeira; Jacinto, Miguel Ângelo SusanoA Sport Motivation Scale-II (SMS-II) e o Behavioral Regulation in Sport Questionnaire (BRSQ) são métodos de avaliação da regulação da motivação no desporto, baseados na Teoria da Autodeterminação (Ryan & Deci, 2017). O objetivo desta investigação foi examinar e comparar as propriedades psicométricas de ambas as escalas. A fiabilidade foi aceite na maioria das validações do BRSQ, porém nas validações da SMS-II foram encontrados problemas de fiabilidade principalmente nas regulações introjetada, externa e na amotivação. O BRSQ apresentou problemas de validade convergente nos fatores de regulação integrada e identificada. Foram também identificados problemas de validade discriminante entre os fatores de regulação externa e introjetada, identificada e integrada, integrada e intrínseca e amotivação e externa. A SMS-II revelou problemas de validade convergente com todos os fatores de regulação da motivação e problemas de validade discriminante com os fatores de regulação intrínseca, integrada, identificada e introjetada, integrada e identificada, integrada e introjetada, identificada e introjetada e introjetada e externa. Ao analisar o ajustamento dos modelos, nem todos apresentaram valores aceitáveis à primeira vista para ambas as escalas. Foram correlacionados erros, eliminados itens e foram validadas escalas com menos fatores de regulação da motivação. A invariância de ambas as escalas foram verificadas em função do género, das diferentes idades, dos desportos coletivos/individuais e dos diferentes níveis desportivos. A validade temporal das escalas também foi testada e validada. O BRSQ mostrou-se também invariante em diferentes desportos e em 5 países europeus. Os resultados deste estudo irão contribuir para uma avaliação mais aprofundada da motivação como fator determinante para a prática desportiva, bem como para o aperfeiçoamento contínuo de uma escala que integre todos os tipos de motivação.
- Mental Health, Overweight, and Physical Exercise in Young Portuguese Adults: A Cross-Sectional StudyPublication . Gonçalves, Tânia; Monteiro, Diogo; Matos, Rui; Duarte-Mendes, Pedro; Couto, Nuno; Antunes, Raul; Oliveira Diz, Susana Cristina; Amaro, Nuno; Susano Jacinto, Miguel ÂngeloThe aim of this study was to see if there are any associations between mental health, Body Mass Index (BMI), and physical exercise (PE) in young Portuguese adults. The sample consisted of 414 people aged between 18 and 25 years old. A sociodemographic questionnaire designed for this study and the Mental Health Inventory were used. To analyze the results, the total sample was divided according to the criteria “BMI ≥ 5 kg/m2”; “BMI < 25 kg/m2”; “does not practice PE”; and “practices PE”, and sample groups were formed with these names. It was found that there was an association between the dimensions of the Mental Health Inventory and the average time spent practicing PE in the total sample (r from 0.099 to 0.160) and in individuals with a BMI < 25 kg/m2 (r = 0.154 and 0.169). In individuals with a BMI ≥25 kg/m2, there was an association between the ‘BMI’ and depression variables (r = −0.174). In all groups, associations were found between the variables of age and BMI (r from 0.120 to 0.216). There was also a significant effect of group (non-exercise vs. exercise groups) on the dependent variables, Λ = 0.972, F(5, 408) = 2.329, p = 0.042, η2p = 0.28. This study confirms the association between PE and mental health and suggests that BMI may have an influence on the appearance of depressive symptoms in young Portuguese adults.
- Multi-Class Intrusion Detection in Internet of Vehicles: Optimizing Machine Learning Models on Imbalanced DataPublication . Palma, Ágata; Antunes, Mário; Bernardino, Jorge; Alves, AnaThe Internet of Vehicles (IoV) presents complex cybersecurity challenges, particularly against Denial-of-Service (DoS) and spoofing attacks targeting the Controller Area Network (CAN) bus. This study leverages the CICIoV2024 dataset, comprising six distinct classes of benign traffic and various types of attacks, to evaluate advanced machine learning techniques for instrusion detection systems (IDS). The models XGBoost, Random Forest, AdaBoost, Extra Trees, Logistic Regression, and Deep Neural Network were tested under realistic, imbalanced data conditions, ensuring that the evaluation reflects real-world scenarios where benign traffic dominates. Using hyperparameter optimization with Optuna, we achieved significant improvements in detection accuracy and robustness. Ensemble methods such as XGBoost and Random Forest consistently demonstrated superior performance, achieving perfect accuracy and macro-average F1-scores, even when detecting minority attack classes, in contrast to previous results for the CICIoV2024 dataset. The integration of optimized hyperparameter tuning and a broader methodological scope culminated in an IDS framework capable of addressing diverse attack scenarios with exceptional precision.
- From Knowledge to Action: How Portuguese Higher Education Students Engage with Circular Economy PrinciplesPublication . Pardal, Ana; Moreira, Anabela; Galacho, Cristina; Mateus, Dina; Viegas, Laura; Gaspar, Marcelo; Teixeira, Margarida Ribau; Manteigas, Vitor; Dinis, Maria Alzira PimentaThis study investigates the perceptions and practices of Portuguese higher education students regarding the circular economy (CE), emphasising their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours toward sustainable resource management. Carried out by the Working Group on Circular Economy and Waste Management of the Portuguese Sustainable Campus Network (RCS), the research used an online survey targeting students from 20 higher education institutions (HEIs), resulting in 400 responses. The findings indicate that while students generally hold positive views of the CE, their understanding of its practical applications, such as waste reduction and resource efficiency, remains limited. Only a small proportion of students reported exposure to CE-related topics in their curriculum, revealing a gap in academic integration. This study also identifies significant demographic variations in CE awareness and practices, influenced by factors such as age, field of study, and employment status. These insights underscore the need for HEIs to strengthen CE education and actively involve students in hands-on sustainability initiatives, fostering a generation equipped to drive the transition toward a circular economy.