Browsing by Author "Loureiro, Paulo"
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- Driving Behavior Classification Using a ConvLSTMPublication . Pingo, Alberto; Castro, João; Loureiro, Paulo; Mendes, Silvio; Bernardino, Anabela; Miragaia, Rolando; Husyeva, IrynaThis work explores the classification of driving behaviors using a hybrid deep learning model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) with Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks (ConvLSTM). Sensor data are collected from a smartphone application and undergo a preprocessing pipeline, including data normalization, labeling, and feature extraction, to enhance the model’s performance. By capturing temporal and spatial dependencies within driving patterns, the proposed ConvLSTM model effectively differentiates between normal and aggressive driving behaviors. The model is trained and evaluated against traditional stacked LSTM and Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM) architectures, demonstrating superior accuracy and robustness. Experimental results confirm that the preprocessing techniques improve classification performance, ensuring high reliability in driving behavior recognition. The novelty of this work lies in a simple data preprocessing methodology combined with the specific application scenario. By enhancing data quality before feeding it into the AI model, we improve classification accuracy and robustness. The proposed framework not only optimizes model performance but also demonstrates practical feasibility, making it a strong candidate for real-world deployment.
- Prototype to Increase Crosswalk Safety by Integrating Computer Vision with ITS-G5 TechnologiesPublication . Gaspar, Francisco; Guerreiro, Vitor; Loureiro, Paulo; Costa, Paulo; Mendes, Sílvio; Rabadão, CarlosHuman errors are probably the main cause of car accidents, and this type of vehicle is one of the most dangerous forms of transport for people. The danger comes from the fact that on public roads there are simultaneously different types of actors (drivers, pedestrians or cyclists) and many objects that change their position over time, making difficult to predict their immediate movements. The intelligent transport system (ITS-G5) standard specifies the European communication technologies and protocols to assist public road users, providing them with relevant information. The scientific community is developing ITS-G5 applications for various purposes, among which is the increasing of pedestrian safety. This paper describes the developed work to implement an ITS-G5 prototype that aims at the increasing of pedestrian and driver safety in the vicinity of a pedestrian crosswalk by sending ITS-G5 decentralized environmental notification messages (DENM) to the vehicles. These messages are analyzed, and if they are relevant, they are presented to the driver through a car’s onboard infotainment system. This alert allows the driver to take safety precautions to prevent accidents. The implemented prototype was tested in a controlled environment pedestrian crosswalk. The results showed the capacity of the prototype for detecting pedestrians, suitable message sending, the reception and processing on a vehicle onboard unit (OBU) module and its presentation on the car onboard infotainment system.
- Stability and performance analysis of the Open Box Transport ProtocolPublication . Loureiro, Paulo; Monteiro, EdmundoIn this paper we study the stability of the Open Box Transport Protocol (OBP), an explicit congestion control protocol that provides information to the end systems about the current state of the network path. To support the study we deduced the OBP transfer function, which modulates the OBP behavior at equilibrium. In the stability evaluation we use Bode and Nyquist diagrams. The OBP stability characteristics, discussed in this work, are only related with the equilibrium phase, in other words when all the network capacity is in use. The results show that the OBP is stable for the tested scenarios and the transfer function does not have unstable poles. We also present an evaluation process that helps to identify the OBP performance. We show that the OBP reaches high utilization of the bottleneck channel and has fairness skills.