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Formulations for the Weight-Constrained Minimum Spanning Tree Problem
Publication . Requejo, Cristina; Agra, Agostinho; Cerveira, Adelaide; Santos, Eulália
We consider the Weight-constrained Minimum Spanning Tree problem (WMST). The WMST aims at finding a minimum spanning tree such that the overall tree weight does not exceed a specified limit on a graph with costs and weights associated with each edge. We present and compare, from the computational point of view, several formulations for the WMST. From preliminary computational results we propose a model that combines a formulation similar to the well known Miller-Tucker-Zemlin formulation with the cut-set inequalities.
Contemporary challenges in foreign language learning in higher education: Rethinking the interactions between digital tools, cultural intelligence and cognitive load for a balanced active pedagogy
Publication . Fidalgo, Susana; Delplancq, Véronique; Lopes, Ana Maria Costa; Pereira, José; Gillain, Romain
The use of digital tools in foreign language learning in higher education raises many pedagogical challenges, particularly in terms of the skills to be developed, vital for society and the labour world, while simultane ously managing the cognitive load of students. Based on the results of experiments carried out with undergraduate Media Studies students at the Escola Superior de Educação de Viseu(Portugal), the paper questions the effects of applying active pedagogies using digital tools upon the acquisition of these competences, with particular focus on cultural intelligence, while keeping students' cognitive load balanced. Results show that pedagogical activation can favour the development of diverse competences and cognitive processes, but presents risks, namely
overload in the case of poorly planned activities. The article aims to contribute to the design of balanced, rich and cognitively sustainable pedagogical devices, contributing to an active pedagogy with the integration of the digital tools.
Radio Frequency Numerical Simulation Techniques Based on Multirate Runge‐Kutta Schemes
Publication . Oliveira, Jorge F.; Pedro, José C.; Oluwole D. Makinde
Electronic circuit simulation, especially for radio frequency (RF) and microwave telecommunications, is being challenged by increasingly complex applications presenting signals of very different nature and evolving on widely separated time scales. In this paper, we will briefly review some recently developed ways to address these challenges, by describing some advanced numerical simulation techniques based on multirate Runge‐Kutta schemes, which operate in the one‐dimensional time and also within multidimensional frameworks.
O Uso de Brain Computer Interface na Intervenção em Pessoas com Afasia Pós-Acidente Vascular Cerebral: Uma Revisão Sistemática
Publication . Branquinho, Ana Sofia; Maia, Patrícia; Rodrigues, Inês Tello
Introdução: A afasia pós-acidente vascular cerebral tem um impacto significativo ao nível da qualidade de vida da pessoa com esta alteração e nos recursos exigi-dos no setor da saúde. Tem existido um interesse crescente em investigar novas metodologias de intervenção, como as que integram a tecnologia brain computer interface (BCI). O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar de que forma a utilização desta tecnologia em contexto terapêutico poderá potenciar a recuperação das competên-cias linguísticas e comunicativas das pessoas com afasia.
Método: Revisão sistemática da literatura através das diretrizes do Preferred Re-porting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), envolvendo pesquisas nas bases de dados PubMed Central, SciELO, LILACS, Web of Science e nas bases de dados integradas na plataforma EBSCO HOST, sem restrição temporal ou de língua, com o recurso a termos MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) e a termos não padronizados, em inglês. O processo de seleção dos estudos foi efetuado de forma independente por dois investigadores via plataforma Rayyan®. A análise de evidên-cia dos estudos elegíveis em triagem foi realizada através do modelo de níveis de evidência e qualidade dos estudos John Hopkins.Resultados: Obteve-se um total de 198 artigos, dos quais quatro foram incluídos nesta revisão sistemática, após eliminação de duplicados e aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade. A intervenção terapêutica com base num sistema BCI poderá po-tenciar o reforço da rede linguística e a restruturação das redes funcionais de pes-soas com afasia, devido ao mecanismo de neurofeedback que proporciona. Alguns autores encorajam o desenvolvimento de sistemas BCI com a integração de dife-rentes técnicas (e.g. ressonância magnética funcional em combinação com o eletro-encefalograma). A investigação nesta área é recente, sendo os estudos escassos e maioritariamente de tipologia quasi-experimental. Os artigos incluídos nesta revisão apresentam uma qualidade de evidência reduzida.
Conclusão: A utilização de BCI poderá ter uma influência positiva na reabilitação da linguagem e comunicação de pessoas com afasia. Porém, a integração desta tecnologia recente na intervenção terapêutica enfrenta, ainda, vários desafios, sendo necessários estudos mais robustos que permitam a criação de protocolos específicos e diretrizes clínicas.
Qualitative Research: The Heart of Evidence-Based Practice
Publication . García-Fernández, Rubén; Oliveira, Ellen Synthia Fernandes de; Presado, Maria Helena; Silva, Marcelle Miranda; Marques, Fátima Mendes; Baixinho, Cristina Lavareda
Evidence-based practice in healthcare remains challenging. The sheer volume of studies, methodological diversity, scarce resources, and professionals’ difficulties in locating, appraising, and implementing evidence all contribute. In addition, there is often a lack of clear, evidence-based health-policy guidelines. In addition, there is a predominant positivist paradigm in the training of most health professionals, which makes it challenging to introduce the results of qualitative studies into practice. We believe that qualitative research provides a unique insight into the experiences, needs, difficulties, and choices of people going through transitions between health and illness. This is a theoretical paper based on a narrative literature review, the authors aim to reflect on the results of qualitative healthcare research, the difficulties in translating the knowledge obtained by more constructivist and interpretative methods, and the gains that can be made from an Evidence-Based Practice supported by the results of qualitative studies that make it possible to respect the patient’s values and preferences, allowing person-centered care. Studies that enable the exploration of experiences, perspectives, and meanings in complex areas, such as self-care, behavioral change, and adherence to therapeutic regimens, support health professionals’ clinical decision-making. This support reflects the multifaceted nature of human experiences in care settings and is vital for understanding phenomena both in isolation and in relation to other research approaches. Qualitative studies are the heart of evidence-based practice because they deepen and individualize knowledge about phenomena and make it possible to focus care on people, especially those with increased vulnerability.