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Finding Geological Heritage: Legal Issues on Private Property and Fieldwork. The Case of Outstanding Early Angiosperms (Barremian to Albian, Portugal)

2010-07-25Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Terra e do Ambiente
datacite.subject.fosCiências Sociais::Geografia Económica e Social
dc.contributor.authorDinis, Jorge L.
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Fernanda P.
dc.contributor.authorRey, Jacques
dc.contributor.authorDuarte, Isabel L.
dc.date.accessioned2025-10-28T11:03:27Z
dc.date.available2025-10-28T11:03:27Z
dc.date.issued2010-07-25
dc.descriptionFonte: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/225504978_Finding_Geological_Heritage_Legal_Issues_on_Private_Property_and_Fieldwork_The_Case_of_Outstanding_Early_Angiosperms_Barremian_to_Albian_Portugal
dc.description.abstractThe Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to lower Albian) of Central Portugal yields some of the earliest and best-preserved angiosperms, which are excellent materials to study the mid-Cretaceous fast and huge diversification of angiosperms. Regional stratigraphic and sedimentological studies are crucial to enlighten the timing and environmental forcing factors of angiosperm evolution, namely geodynamics, magmatism, climate and oceanography. During a research project focusing upon these questions, access to an exploitation of mineral resources (a sand mine) was denied, leading to the present debate. National and international declarations and legislation increasingly commit states to consider geoheritage identification, protection and conservation as public interest. As scientific research is the first step within this process, access of researchers to a studied area should be the rule, regardless of legal tenure, with exceptions related to security matters or proprietary data. Both Portuguese laws governing mineral resources and geoheritage recognise many geological materials (mineral resources, sites, outcrops, fossils etc.) as vulnerable and non-renewable, requiring precautionary and conservative management based in scientific knowledge, but only the mineral resources laws foresees restrictions to private property rights for geological fieldwork. To balance the private rights and the public interest, we propose that the law should concede access to private property for officially recognised researchers and/or researchers of officially recognised projects. For activities acquiring geological data, creating exposures or mineral extraction, concession contracts should include clauses to allow access to such researchers and, for major operations, the obligation to notify interesting geological finds. We believe that geoconservation and the sustainable use of mineral resources cannot be jeopardised by access restrictions to scientific fieldwork.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipWe thank Else Marie Friis (Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm), Kaj R. Pedersen (University of Aarhus, Denmark) and Mário M. Mendes (University of Évora, Portugal) for explanations and comments on the angiosperms of Portugal and its evolution. Else Marie Friis, Mário M. Mendes and Uli Heimhofer (Ruhr-Universität, Bochum, Germany) kindly provided images of palaeoflora. We acknowledge Greg Hancock (College of William and Mary, USA) and Rick Berquist (Virginia Division of Mineral Resources, USA) for valuable discussions. This paper is a contribution to the ANGIOGAL Project (PTDC/CTE-GIX/104999/2008) sponsored by the Portuguese agency Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia.
dc.identifier.citationDinis, J.L., Oliveira, F.P., Rey, J. et al. Finding Geological Heritage: Legal Issues on Private Property and Fieldwork. The Case of Outstanding Early Angiosperms (Barremian to Albian, Portugal). Geoheritage 2, 77–90 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-010-0013-x.
dc.identifier.doi10.1007/s12371-010-0013-x
dc.identifier.eissn1867-2485
dc.identifier.issn1867-2477
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14398
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherSpringer Nature
dc.relationANGIOGAL - The emergence of angiosperms and the Cretaceous ecosystem changes in Portugal
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12371-010-0013-x
dc.relation.ispartofGeoheritage
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectFieldwork
dc.subjectPrivate Property
dc.subjectEarly Cretaceous
dc.subjectEarly Angiosperm
dc.titleFinding Geological Heritage: Legal Issues on Private Property and Fieldwork. The Case of Outstanding Early Angiosperms (Barremian to Albian, Portugal)eng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardTitleANGIOGAL - The emergence of angiosperms and the Cretaceous ecosystem changes in Portugal
oaire.awardURIhttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/14395
oaire.citation.endPage90
oaire.citation.issue3
oaire.citation.startPage77
oaire.citation.titleGeoheritage
oaire.citation.volume2
oaire.fundingStreamConcurso para Projectos de I&D em todos os Domínios Científicos - 2008
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameDuarte
person.givenNameIsabel
person.identifier.ciencia-id6B1D-2A19-51E2
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-8653-5126
person.identifier.scopus-author-id56223261200
relation.isAuthorOfPublication29758afa-3f06-4579-aed9-a198f23907a3
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery29758afa-3f06-4579-aed9-a198f23907a3
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The Lower Cretaceous (Barremian to lower Albian) of Central Portugal yields some of the earliest and best-preserved angiosperms, which are excellent materials to study the mid-Cretaceous fast and huge diversification of angiosperms. Regional stratigraphic and sedimentological studies are crucial to enlighten the timing and environmental forcing factors of angiosperm evolution, namely geodynamics, magmatism, climate and oceanography. During a research project focusing upon these questions, access to an exploitation of mineral resources (a sand mine) was denied, leading to the present debate. National and international declarations and legislation increasingly commit states to consider geoheritage identification, protection and conservation as public interest. As scientific research is the first step within this process, access of researchers to a studied area should be the rule, regardless of legal tenure, with exceptions related to security matters or proprietary data. Both Portuguese laws governing mineral resources and geoheritage recognise many geological materials (mineral resources, sites, outcrops, fossils etc.) as vulnerable and non-renewable, requiring precautionary and conservative management based in scientific knowledge, but only the mineral resources laws foresees restrictions to private property rights for geological fieldwork. To balance the private rights and the public interest, we propose that the law should concede access to private property for officially recognised researchers and/or researchers of officially recognised projects. For activities acquiring geological data, creating exposures or mineral extraction, concession contracts should include clauses to allow access to such researchers and, for major operations, the obligation to notify interesting geological finds. We believe that geoconservation and the sustainable use of mineral resources cannot be jeopardised by access restrictions to scientific fieldwork.
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