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Análise sobre o potencial de utilização de biometano para a descarbonização do setor transportes
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| 3.73 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Este estudo tem como principal objetivo avaliar a viabilidade da implementação do biometano no transporte rodoviário pesado em Portugal, analisando a disponibilidadede recursos e o potencial de desenvolvimento do mercado nacional nesta área.
No presente estudo é utilizado o modelo da CONCAWE, como também a revisão sistemática da literatura, o que permitiu realizar uma análise comparativa entre diferentes tecnologias de propulsão em veículos pesados Long Haul (5-LH), considerando diferentes fontes de energia incluindo o biometano, avaliando de forma mais criteriosa as correspondentes emissões de Gases de Efeito de Estufa (GEE). É também feita uma análise do Custo Total de Propriedade (TCO).
Com base na análise desenvolvida, concluiu-se que o biometano representa uma solução eficaz para a redução de emissões de GEE nos transportes pesados, uma vez que, em comparação com os combustíveis fósseis, apresenta valores significativamente inferiores de emissões de GEE — podendo mesmo alcançar emissões líquidas negativas, dependendo dos resíduos utilizados na sua produção.
No entanto, a análise de viabilidade do biometano em Portugal revela diversas limitações, nomeadamente a necessidade de investimento em infraestruturas, apoio institucional e desenvolvimento tecnológico. Para mitigar estes obstáculos, propõem-se várias medidas estratégicas, tais como: a criação de uma rede nacional de abastecimento de biometano, o estabelecimento de incentivos financeiros e fiscais, o fomento de projetos de produção descentralizada, a definição de metas nacionais específicas para o setor dos transportes, a promoção da confiança tecnológica e uma aposta clara na investigação, no desenvolvimento e na certificação.
Apesar de existirem tecnologias com desempenho económico mais favorável em termos de TCO, como os Battery Eletric Vehicle (BEV), foi possível demonstrar que a implementação do biometano poderá desempenhar um papel complementar relevante. Assim, a transição energética no setor dos transportes não deverá assentar numa única solução, mas sim num conjunto de tecnologias integradas que contribuam de forma harmonizada para o cumprimento das metas de descarbonização estabelecidas pela União Europeia e pelo Plano de Ação para o Biometano (PAB).
The main objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of implementing biomethane in heavy road transport in Portugal, analysing the existence of resources and the potential for development of the national market in this area. This study uses the CONCAWE model, as well as a systematic review of the literature, which allowed for a comparative analysis between different propulsion technologies in Long Haul (5-LH) heavy vehicles, considering different energy sources including biomethane, and more carefully evaluating the corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis is also performed. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that biomethane represents an effective solution for reducing GHG emissions in heavy transport, since, compared to fossil fuels, it has significantly lower GHG emissions — and can even achieve negative net emissions, depending on the waste used in its production. However, the feasibility analysis of biomethane in Portugal reveals several limitations, namely the need for investment in infrastructure, institutional support and technological development. To mitigate these obstacles, several strategic measures are proposed, such as: the creation of a national biomethane supply network, the establishment of financial and tax incentives, the promotion of decentralised production projects, the definition of specific national targets for the transport sector, the promotion of technological confidence and a clear commitment to research, development and certification. Although there are technologies with more favourable economic performance in terms of TCO, such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), it has been demonstrated that the implementation of biomethane can play an important complementary role. Thus, the energy transition in the transport sector should not be based on a single solution, but rather on a set of integrated technologies that contribute in a harmonised manner to the achievement of the decarbonisation targets set by the European Union and the Biomethane Action Plan (BAP).
The main objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of implementing biomethane in heavy road transport in Portugal, analysing the existence of resources and the potential for development of the national market in this area. This study uses the CONCAWE model, as well as a systematic review of the literature, which allowed for a comparative analysis between different propulsion technologies in Long Haul (5-LH) heavy vehicles, considering different energy sources including biomethane, and more carefully evaluating the corresponding greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. A Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) analysis is also performed. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that biomethane represents an effective solution for reducing GHG emissions in heavy transport, since, compared to fossil fuels, it has significantly lower GHG emissions — and can even achieve negative net emissions, depending on the waste used in its production. However, the feasibility analysis of biomethane in Portugal reveals several limitations, namely the need for investment in infrastructure, institutional support and technological development. To mitigate these obstacles, several strategic measures are proposed, such as: the creation of a national biomethane supply network, the establishment of financial and tax incentives, the promotion of decentralised production projects, the definition of specific national targets for the transport sector, the promotion of technological confidence and a clear commitment to research, development and certification. Although there are technologies with more favourable economic performance in terms of TCO, such as Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs), it has been demonstrated that the implementation of biomethane can play an important complementary role. Thus, the energy transition in the transport sector should not be based on a single solution, but rather on a set of integrated technologies that contribute in a harmonised manner to the achievement of the decarbonisation targets set by the European Union and the Biomethane Action Plan (BAP).
Description
Keywords
Sistemas de propulsão de veículos Transportes pesados Fontes de Energia Biometano Emissões de GEE Custo total de propriedade (TCO)