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Vulnerabilidade à contaminação das águas subterrâneas. Estudo de caso da bacia hidrográficado Rio Lis
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Authors
Abstract(s)
A presente dissertação tem como principal objetivo estudar a vulnerabilidade dos recursos
hídricos subterrâneos na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Lis, relacionados com as práticas
agrícolas e outras atividades poluidoras, bem como a sua elevada exploração.
Serão aplicados métodos de prevenção da contaminação destes recursos como é o caso dos
índices de vulnerabilidade. Os mapas de vulnerabilidade são geralmente elaborados a partir
do cruzamento de vários níveis de informação (parâmetros geológicos e hidrogeológicos,
ocupação do solo, etc.), aos quais podem ser atribuídos fatores de ponderação em função da
sua importância na contribuição para a vulnerabilidade do aquífero.
Os modelos de apoio à decisão, usados nesta investigação, como os Sistemas de Informação
Geo gráfica (SIG), são a principal ferramenta de auxílio à gestão de águas subterrâneas.
Constituem modernas ferramentas de gestão e ordenamento do território com aplicação
crescente em todas as áreas das Geociências e do Ambiente.
Desta forma, pretende-se com este estudo avaliar a vulnerabilidade à contaminação das
águas subterrâneas da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Lis, com recurso à utilização dos SIG.
Foram utilizados os modelos DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticida (Aller et al. 1987) e o Índice
de Suscetibilidade (IS) (Ribeiro, 2005) para a avaliação da vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade
dos aquíferos à poluição.
Com o auxílio das ferramentas de SIG, realizou-se o mapeamento dos índices de
vulnerabilidade e suscetibilidade, os quais incluíram a análise espacial e o
geoprocessamento. Os mapas dos índices DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticida e IS mostram que
na zona oeste da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Lis a vulnerabilidade varia de intermédia a alta,
diminuindo consideravelmente a este, com vulnerabilidade baixa a muito baixa, na zona
centro a vulnerabilidade é predominantemente intermédia.
Este estudo permite concluir que o uso do solo em conjunto com a natureza litológica dos
terrenos, tem como cosequência a potencial contaminação das águas subterrâneas.
The main objective of this dissertation is to study the vulnerability of groundwater resources in the Lis River Basin, related to agricultural practices and other polluting activities, as well as their high exploitation. Methods to prevent contamination of these resources will be applied, such as vulnerability indexes. Vulnerability maps are generally prepared by crossing several levels of information (geological and hydrogeological parameters, land use, etc.), to which weighting factors can be assigned according to their importance in contributing to the vulnerability of the aquifer. The decision support models used in this research, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are the main tool to assist in groundwater management. They are modern land management and planning tools with increasing application in all areas of Geosciences and the Environment. Thus, this study aims to assess the vulnerability to contamination of groundwater in the Lis River Basin, using GIS. The DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticide (Aller et al. 1987) and Susceptibility Index (SI) (Ribeiro, 2005) models were used to assess the vulnerability and susceptibility of aquifers to pollution. With the help of GIS tools, the vulnerability and susceptibility indices were mapped, which included spatial analysis and geoprocessing. The maps of the DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticide and SI indices show that the difference between vulnerability classes is not significantly different. In the western zone of the Lis River Basin, vulnerability varies from intermediate to high, decreasing considerably towards the east, with low to very low vulnerability; in the central zone, vulnerability is predominantly intermediate. This study allows us to conclude that the land use, together with the lithological nature of the land, have as a consequence the potential contamination of groundwater.
The main objective of this dissertation is to study the vulnerability of groundwater resources in the Lis River Basin, related to agricultural practices and other polluting activities, as well as their high exploitation. Methods to prevent contamination of these resources will be applied, such as vulnerability indexes. Vulnerability maps are generally prepared by crossing several levels of information (geological and hydrogeological parameters, land use, etc.), to which weighting factors can be assigned according to their importance in contributing to the vulnerability of the aquifer. The decision support models used in this research, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS), are the main tool to assist in groundwater management. They are modern land management and planning tools with increasing application in all areas of Geosciences and the Environment. Thus, this study aims to assess the vulnerability to contamination of groundwater in the Lis River Basin, using GIS. The DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticide (Aller et al. 1987) and Susceptibility Index (SI) (Ribeiro, 2005) models were used to assess the vulnerability and susceptibility of aquifers to pollution. With the help of GIS tools, the vulnerability and susceptibility indices were mapped, which included spatial analysis and geoprocessing. The maps of the DRASTIC, DRASTIC Pesticide and SI indices show that the difference between vulnerability classes is not significantly different. In the western zone of the Lis River Basin, vulnerability varies from intermediate to high, decreasing considerably towards the east, with low to very low vulnerability; in the central zone, vulnerability is predominantly intermediate. This study allows us to conclude that the land use, together with the lithological nature of the land, have as a consequence the potential contamination of groundwater.
Description
Keywords
Bacia hidrográfica do rio Lis Vulnerabilidade Aquíferos SIG