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Distributed Architecture for Unmanned Vehicle Services

2021-02-20Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Químicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Computação e da Informação
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Biológicas
datacite.subject.sdg08:Trabalho Digno e Crescimento Económico
datacite.subject.sdg09:Indústria, Inovação e Infraestruturas
datacite.subject.sdg10:Reduzir as Desigualdades
dc.contributor.authorRamos, João
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorSafadinho, David
dc.contributor.authorBarroso, João
dc.contributor.authorRabadão, Carlos
dc.contributor.authorPereira, António
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-30T17:20:18Z
dc.date.available2026-03-30T17:20:18Z
dc.date.issued2021-02-20
dc.description.abstractThe demand for online services is increasing. Services that would require a long time to understand, use and master are becoming as transparent as possible to the users, that tend to focus only on the final goals. Combined with the advantages of the unmanned vehicles (UV), from the unmanned factor to the reduced size and costs, we found an opportunity to bring to users a wide variety of services supported by UV, through the Internet of Unmanned Vehicles (IoUV). Current solutions were analyzed and we discussed scalability and genericity as the principal concerns. Then, we proposed a solution that combines several services and UVs, available from anywhere at any time, from a cloud platform. The solution considers a cloud distributed architecture, composed by users, services, vehicles and a platform, interconnected through the Internet. Each vehicle provides to the platform an abstract and generic interface for the essential commands. Therefore, this modular design makes easier the creation of new services and the reuse of the different vehicles. To confirm the feasibility of the solution we implemented a prototype considering a cloud-hosted platform and the integration of custom-built small-sized cars, a custom-built quadcopter, and a commercial Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. To validate the prototype and the vehicles’ remote control, we created several services accessible via a web browser and controlled through a computer keyboard. We tested the solution in a local network, remote networks and mobile networks (i.e., 3G and Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and proved the benefits of decentralizing the communications into multiple point-to-point links for the remote control. Consequently, the solution can provide scalable UV-based services, with low technical effort, for anyone at anytime and anywhere.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding This work is financed by National Funds through the Portuguese funding agency, FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, within project UIDB/50014/2020, and was partially supported by Portuguese National funds through FITEC-Programa Interface, with reference CIT “INOV-INESC Inovação-Financiamento Base” and by Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia-FCT, I.P., under the project UIDB/04524/2020. Acknowledgments The authors acknowledge the Computer Science and Communication Research Center for the facilities granted in the implementation of part of this work, in the context of the Smart IoT Ecosystems research line and the Mobile Computing Laboratory of the School of Technology and Management of the Polytechnic of Leiria. This work acknowledges the authorship of some of the images used in the document, obtained in the webpage www.flaticon.com (accessed on 20 December 2020). The authors are Smashicon, Freepik Nikita Golubev, Roundicons, Pixel perfect, and Pixelmeetup.
dc.identifier.citationRamos, J.; Ribeiro, R.; Safadinho, D.; Barroso, J.; Rabadão, C.; Pereira, A. Distributed Architecture for Unmanned Vehicle Services . Sensors 2021, 21, 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041477.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21041477
dc.identifier.eissn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/16056
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relationINESC TEC- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science
dc.relationResearch Center in Informatics and Communications
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1477
dc.relation.ispartofSensors
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectcentralized services
dc.subjectcloud platform
dc.subjectcloud services
dc.subjectdistributed architecture
dc.subjectInternet of Unmanned Vehicles
dc.subjectunmanned vehicles
dc.titleDistributed Architecture for Unmanned Vehicle Serviceseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/50014/2020
oaire.awardNumberUIDB/04524/2020
oaire.awardTitleINESC TEC- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science
oaire.awardTitleResearch Center in Informatics and Communications
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F50014%2F2020/PT
oaire.awardURIinfo:eu-repo/grantAgreement/FCT/6817 - DCRRNI ID/UIDB%2F04524%2F2020/PT
oaire.citation.endPage33
oaire.citation.issue4
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Sensors
oaire.citation.volume21
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.fundingStream6817 - DCRRNI ID
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.affiliation.nameEng. Informática
person.familyNameRamos
person.familyNameRibeiro
person.familyNameSafadinho
person.familyNameRabadão
person.familyNamePereira
person.givenNameJoão
person.givenNameRoberto
person.givenNameDavid
person.givenNameCarlos
person.givenNameAntónio
person.identifier.ciencia-id8417-9F61-D162
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person.identifier.ciencia-id2C1C-E900-6A57
person.identifier.ciencia-idE215-4F0F-33EC
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5361-9809
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-1547-4674
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5700-7893
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7332-4397
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-5062-1241
person.identifier.ridM-3235-2013
person.identifier.ridM-6163-2013
person.identifier.scopus-author-id22433497800
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7402230199
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.identifierhttp://doi.org/10.13039/501100001871
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
project.funder.nameFundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia
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The demand for online services is increasing. Services that would require a long time to understand, use and master are becoming as transparent as possible to the users, that tend to focus only on the final goals. Combined with the advantages of the unmanned vehicles (UV), from the unmanned factor to the reduced size and costs, we found an opportunity to bring to users a wide variety of services supported by UV, through the Internet of Unmanned Vehicles (IoUV). Current solutions were analyzed and we discussed scalability and genericity as the principal concerns. Then, we proposed a solution that combines several services and UVs, available from anywhere at any time, from a cloud platform. The solution considers a cloud distributed architecture, composed by users, services, vehicles and a platform, interconnected through the Internet. Each vehicle provides to the platform an abstract and generic interface for the essential commands. Therefore, this modular design makes easier the creation of new services and the reuse of the different vehicles. To confirm the feasibility of the solution we implemented a prototype considering a cloud-hosted platform and the integration of custom-built small-sized cars, a custom-built quadcopter, and a commercial Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) aircraft. To validate the prototype and the vehicles’ remote control, we created several services accessible via a web browser and controlled through a computer keyboard. We tested the solution in a local network, remote networks and mobile networks (i.e., 3G and Long-Term Evolution (LTE)) and proved the benefits of decentralizing the communications into multiple point-to-point links for the remote control. Consequently, the solution can provide scalable UV-based services, with low technical effort, for anyone at anytime and anywhere.
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