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Application of near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for the evaluation of glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber before and after ageing

2009-07Journal article Open access
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dc.contributor.authorGaspar, Florindo
dc.contributor.authorLopes, João
dc.contributor.authorCruz, Helena
dc.contributor.authorSchwanninger, Manfred
dc.contributor.authorRodrigues, José
dc.contributor.authorGaspar, Florindo
dc.date.accessioned2025-04-30T17:09:52Z
dc.date.available2025-04-30T17:09:52Z
dc.date.issued2009-07
dc.description.abstractThe necessity for inspection and assessment of glued laminated timber structures in service has raised interest in the evaluation of the glue lines. Glue line spectra were analysed and are discussed in detail with respect to spectral contributions from the adhesive, the hardener, the wood lamella below the adhesive, the curing temperature as well as ageing-related spectral changes. The combination of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed distinguishing between aged and non-aged samples and different copper azole preservative treatment levels of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) glue lines. NIR-based partial least squares (PLS) regression modelling was performed for the glue line shear strength and for the curing temperature. These findings show that NIR spectroscopy is a fast and useful technique to evaluate the degradation on the PRF glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThe work was financially supported by Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), grant holder of first author SFRH/BD/30310/2006 and the research project POCI/ECM/60089/2004.
dc.identifier.citationFlorindo Gaspar, João Lopes, Helena Cruz, Manfred Schwanninger, José Rodrigues, Application of near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for the evaluation of glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber before and after ageing, Polymer Degradation and Stability, Volume 94, Issue 7, 2009, Pages 1061-1071, ISSN 0141-3910, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.011.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.04.011
dc.identifier.issn0141-3910
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/12843
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherElsevier
dc.relationSFRH/BD/30310/2006
dc.relationPOCI/ECM/60089/2004
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0141391009001207
dc.relation.ispartofPolymer Degradation and Stability
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectWood
dc.subjectDelamination
dc.subjectNear infrared (NIR) spectroscopy
dc.subjectPartial least squares regression
dc.subjectCopper azole
dc.subjectPhenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) glue lines
dc.titleApplication of near infrared spectroscopy and multivariate data analysis for the evaluation of glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber before and after ageingeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage1071
oaire.citation.issue7
oaire.citation.startPage1061
oaire.citation.titlePolymer Degradation and Stability
oaire.citation.volume94
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameGaspar
person.givenNameFlorindo
person.identifier.ciencia-idB815-2FE8-CFBB
person.identifier.orcid0000-0001-7031-6260
person.identifier.ridO-4760-2016
person.identifier.scopus-author-id26538571900
relation.isAuthorOfPublication71101af5-fd87-4d1a-b448-6d280e57c0b5
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscovery71101af5-fd87-4d1a-b448-6d280e57c0b5

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The necessity for inspection and assessment of glued laminated timber structures in service has raised interest in the evaluation of the glue lines. Glue line spectra were analysed and are discussed in detail with respect to spectral contributions from the adhesive, the hardener, the wood lamella below the adhesive, the curing temperature as well as ageing-related spectral changes. The combination of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy and principal component analysis (PCA) allowed distinguishing between aged and non-aged samples and different copper azole preservative treatment levels of phenol-resorcinol-formaldehyde (PRF) glue lines. NIR-based partial least squares (PLS) regression modelling was performed for the glue line shear strength and for the curing temperature. These findings show that NIR spectroscopy is a fast and useful technique to evaluate the degradation on the PRF glue lines of untreated and copper azole treated laminated timber.
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