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Publication
Awareness and Sustainability in the Mineral Resources Sector
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| 5.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
O sector dos recursos minerais tem enfrentado um intenso escrutínio social e ambiental nos
últimos anos. Sob o argumento da falta de informação e falta de transparência dos projetos,
as populações dos territórios abrangidos por projetos do sector dos recursos minerais (minas
e pedreiras) têm aumentado consistentemente o grau de contestação e objeção. Neste
contexto, o Decreto-Lei n.º 30/2021, de 7 de maio, através de um procedimento de alterações
parlamentares, passa a incluir a obrigação de realização de sessões públicas de
esclarecimento dirigidas às populações dos territórios afetados por projetos no setor dos
recursos minerais.
Este trabalho analisa o estado da arte a nível nacional e internacional, procurando identificar
a natureza das disputas e/ou conflitos, como as empresas do sector extrativo enfrentam
disputas e/ou conflitos, e o papel das sessões de sensibilização social e de informação pública
no contexto de uma nova política de responsabilidade social e ambiental corporativa. Através
da realização de um inquérito a uma população-alvo (que está exposta à exploração de
recursos minerais), é feita uma análise social, económica e ambiental no contexto do sector
dos recursos minerais, procurando compreender como é entendido o contexto da
sustentabilidade neste nível.
É possível perceber que a principal força motriz das contestações e/ou conflitos são as
questões socioambientais e Portugal é um dos países (se não o único) onde é obrigatória a
realização de sessões públicas de informação dirigidas à população.
Através da realização de um trabalho de campo, com base na execução de um inquérito a
uma população já exposta à exploração de recursos minerais, foi possível concluir que a
população inquirida considera necessária a exploração de recursos minerais, afirmando
simultaneamente que é possível a coexistência entre a atividade extrativa e a população, no
contexto ambiental, social e económico. Foi ainda possível concluir que a população entende
o setor dos recursos minerais dentro de um contexto geral de sustentabilidade, o que em
termos gerais corresponde à definição de sustentabilidade que sustenta os SDGs das Nações
Unidas. Foi ainda possível concluir que os representantes das instituições também
concordam quanto à importância da existência de exploração de recursos minerais.
Paralelamente, verificou-se que a responsabilidade sobre a existência de pedreiras
abandonadas na localidade foi atribuída pela população à empresa operadora. Concluiu-se
também que existe um efeito NIMBY na população, estimado em ≈ 45 ± 6%, sendo que as
mulheres apresentam uma maior propensão para manifestar o efeito NIMBY.
Foi também possível fazer a apresentação de propostas de Estudos de Sensibilidade
Populacional, Sessões de Sensibilização e Esclarecimento Público e Estimativa do Efeito
NIMBY nas Populações
The mineral resources sector has faced intense social and environmental scrutiny in recent years. Under the argument of lack of information and lack of transparency of the projects, the populations of the territories covered by projects in the mineral resources sector (mines and quarries) have consistently increased the degree of contestation and objection. In this context, the Portuguese Decree-Law No. 30/2021 of 7 May, through the procedure of parliamentary amendments, now includes the obligation to hold public clarification sessions aimed at the populations of the territories affected by projects in the mineral resources sector. This work reviews the state of the art at the national and international level, seeking to identify the nature of disputes and/or conflicts, how companies in the extractive sector face disputes and/or conflicts, and the role of social awareness and public information sessions in the context of a new corporate social and environmental responsibility policy. By carrying out a survey of a target population (which is exposed to the exploitation of mineral resources), a social, economic and environmental analysis is carried out in the context of the mineral resources sector, seeking to understand how the context of sustainability is understood at this level. It is possible to perceive that the main driving force of contestation and/or conflicts are socio environmental issues; and Portugal is one of the countries (if not the only one) where it is mandatory to hold public information sessions aimed at the population. Through fieldwork, based on research with a population already exposed to the exploitation of mineral resources, it was possible to conclude that the population surveyed considers the exploration of mineral resources necessary, saying simultaneously that coexistence between quarrying and the population is possible, in the environmental, social and economic context. It was also possible to conclude that population understands the mineral resources sector within a general context of sustainability, which in general terms corresponds to the definition of sustainability that supports the United Nations SDGs. It was also possible to conclude that representatives of institutions also agree on the importance of the existence of exploration of mineral resources. At the same time, it was verified that the responsibility about the existence of abandoned quarries in the locality was attributed by the population to the Operating company’s. It was also concluded that there is a NIMBY effect in the population, estimated in ≈ 45 ± 6%, and the women present a greater propensity to manifest the NIMBY effect. It was also possible to support the presentation of proposals for Population Sensitivity Studies, Awareness and Public Clarification Sessions and NIMBY effect estimation on populations.
The mineral resources sector has faced intense social and environmental scrutiny in recent years. Under the argument of lack of information and lack of transparency of the projects, the populations of the territories covered by projects in the mineral resources sector (mines and quarries) have consistently increased the degree of contestation and objection. In this context, the Portuguese Decree-Law No. 30/2021 of 7 May, through the procedure of parliamentary amendments, now includes the obligation to hold public clarification sessions aimed at the populations of the territories affected by projects in the mineral resources sector. This work reviews the state of the art at the national and international level, seeking to identify the nature of disputes and/or conflicts, how companies in the extractive sector face disputes and/or conflicts, and the role of social awareness and public information sessions in the context of a new corporate social and environmental responsibility policy. By carrying out a survey of a target population (which is exposed to the exploitation of mineral resources), a social, economic and environmental analysis is carried out in the context of the mineral resources sector, seeking to understand how the context of sustainability is understood at this level. It is possible to perceive that the main driving force of contestation and/or conflicts are socio environmental issues; and Portugal is one of the countries (if not the only one) where it is mandatory to hold public information sessions aimed at the population. Through fieldwork, based on research with a population already exposed to the exploitation of mineral resources, it was possible to conclude that the population surveyed considers the exploration of mineral resources necessary, saying simultaneously that coexistence between quarrying and the population is possible, in the environmental, social and economic context. It was also possible to conclude that population understands the mineral resources sector within a general context of sustainability, which in general terms corresponds to the definition of sustainability that supports the United Nations SDGs. It was also possible to conclude that representatives of institutions also agree on the importance of the existence of exploration of mineral resources. At the same time, it was verified that the responsibility about the existence of abandoned quarries in the locality was attributed by the population to the Operating company’s. It was also concluded that there is a NIMBY effect in the population, estimated in ≈ 45 ± 6%, and the women present a greater propensity to manifest the NIMBY effect. It was also possible to support the presentation of proposals for Population Sensitivity Studies, Awareness and Public Clarification Sessions and NIMBY effect estimation on populations.
Description
Keywords
Consciência social Sustentabilidade Recursos minerais Conflitos Sessões de informação pública Efeito NIMBY