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Metamaterial-Inspired Flat Beamsteering Antenna for 5G Base Stations at 3.6 GHz

2021-12-04Journal article Open access
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datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Físicas
datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências Químicas
datacite.subject.fosCiências Naturais::Ciências da Computação e da Informação
datacite.subject.sdg03:Saúde de Qualidade
datacite.subject.sdg10:Reduzir as Desigualdades
datacite.subject.sdg11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis
dc.contributor.authorReis, João Ricardo
dc.contributor.authorVala, Mário
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Tiago Emanuel
dc.contributor.authorFernandes, Telmo Rui
dc.contributor.authorCaldeirinha, Rafael Ferreira Silva
dc.date.accessioned2026-01-06T15:45:18Z
dc.date.available2026-01-06T15:45:18Z
dc.date.issued2021-12-04
dc.description.abstractIn this paper, a metamaterial-inspired flat beamsteering antenna for 5G applications is presented. The antenna, designed to operate in the 3.6 GHz at 5G frequency bands, presents an unique flat form factor which allows easy deployment and low visual impact in 5G dense scenarios. The antenna presents a multi-layer structure where a metamaterial inspired transmitarray enables the two-dimensional (2D) beamsteering, and an array of microstrip patch antennas is used as RF source. The use of metamaterials in antenna beamsteering allows the reduction of costly and complex phaseshifter networks by using discrete capacitor diodes to control the transmission phase-shifting and subsequently, the direction of the steering. According to simulations, the proposed antenna presents steering range up to ±20◦, achievable in both elevation and azimuth planes, independently. To prove the concept, a prototype of the antenna has been built and experimentally characterised inside an anechoic chamber. Although constructed in a different substrate (FR4 substrate) as initially designed, beamsteering ranges up to 8◦ in azimuth and 13◦ in elevation, limited to the proposed case-studies, are reported with the prototype, validating the antenna and the usefulness of the proposed design.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is partially supported by the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program-COMPETE 2020 and Regional Operational Program of Lisbon-Lisboa2020, in the scope of Portugal2020, through European Regional Development Fund (FEDER); and by national funds through FCT-Foundation for Science and Technology, under the project Invisible 5G (POCI-01-0247-FEDER-069770 + LISBOA-01-0247-FEDER-069770); in part by the FCT under Grant UID/EEA/50008/2021.
dc.identifier.citationReis, J.R.; Vala, M.; Oliveira, T.E.; Fernandes, T.R.; Caldeirinha, R.F.S. Metamaterial-Inspired Flat Beamsteering Antenna for 5G Base Stations at 3.6 GHz. Sensors 2021, 21, 8116. https://doi.org/10.3390/ s21238116.
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/s21238116
dc.identifier.eissn1424-8220
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15229
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherMDPI
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/23/8116
dc.relation.ispartofSensors
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subject5G
dc.subjectantenna
dc.subjectbase-station
dc.subjectbeamsteering
dc.subjectmetamaterials
dc.subjectmetasurface
dc.titleMetamaterial-Inspired Flat Beamsteering Antenna for 5G Base Stations at 3.6 GHzeng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage14
oaire.citation.issue23
oaire.citation.startPage1
oaire.citation.titleJournal of Sensors
oaire.citation.volume21
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameVITORINO REIS
person.familyNameda Silva Oliveira
person.familyNameFernandes
person.familyNameCaldeirinha
person.givenNameJOÃO RICARDO
person.givenNameTiago Emanuel
person.givenNameTelmo
person.givenNameRafael
person.identifier.ciencia-idE210-EE7F-E9BA
person.identifier.ciencia-id521A-0E65-9170
person.identifier.ciencia-id391F-E0B5-14B5
person.identifier.ciencia-id4D18-2B1E-0960
person.identifier.orcid0000-0002-0356-9839
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-3979-2992
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0882-7478
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0297-7870
person.identifier.ridB-7909-2018
person.identifier.ridF-1499-2015
person.identifier.scopus-author-id24779209500
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7801603527
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In this paper, a metamaterial-inspired flat beamsteering antenna for 5G applications is presented. The antenna, designed to operate in the 3.6 GHz at 5G frequency bands, presents an unique flat form factor which allows easy deployment and low visual impact in 5G dense scenarios. The antenna presents a multi-layer structure where a metamaterial inspired transmitarray enables the two-dimensional (2D) beamsteering, and an array of microstrip patch antennas is used as RF source. The use of metamaterials in antenna beamsteering allows the reduction of costly and complex phaseshifter networks by using discrete capacitor diodes to control the transmission phase-shifting and subsequently, the direction of the steering. According to simulations, the proposed antenna presents steering range up to ±20◦, achievable in both elevation and azimuth planes, independently. To prove the concept, a prototype of the antenna has been built and experimentally characterised inside an anechoic chamber. Although constructed in a different substrate (FR4 substrate) as initially designed, beamsteering ranges up to 8◦ in azimuth and 13◦ in elevation, limited to the proposed case-studies, are reported with the prototype, validating the antenna and the usefulness of the proposed design.
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