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Eficiência hídrica na indústria do vidro de embalagem
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| 2.44 MB | Adobe PDF |
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Abstract(s)
Com o crescente aumento populacional a procura por embalagens de vidro aumentou. Sendo este um material inerte que não transmite qualquer alteração físico ou química para os alimentos e é infinitamente reciclável, o vidro esta cada vez mais presente na vida do ser humano. O presente trabalho aborda a temática da eficiência hídrica na indústria do vidro de embalagem, um segmento caracterizado pelo elevado consumo de recursos e pela necessidade de água em diferentes etapas do seu processo produtivo. O estudo teve como principais objetivos identificar e caracterizar os circuitos de utilização de água numa unidade fabril, monitorizar os consumos, verificar a conformidade com valores de referência nacionais e internacionais e sugerir medidas de melhoria que reforcem a sustentabilidade do setor. A metodologia utilizada consistiu na recolha e análise de dados referente a captações, consumos e descargas. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a unidade fabril apresenta um consumo específico de água de 149,7 L/t, valor significativamente inferior às faixas de referência (300-1200 L/t), e que a dependência de água nova de 21,4 % demonstra uma reduzida vulnerabilidade hídrica. Alem disso, foram calculados os indicadores de eficiência hídrica, nomeadamente a, taxa de recirculação, perdas no sistema, custo específico da água e eficiência do tratamento de águas residuais. Esses indicadores foram comparados com metas de boas práticas e requisitos legais. Conclui-se que, apesar das particularidades do processo de fabrico do vidro, em que algumas perdas são inevitáveis, é possível alcançar elevados níveis de eficiência hídrica através da adoção de sistemas de recirculação, da reutilização de efluentes tratados e da integração de tecnologias de monitorização em tempo real. O estudo contribui, assim, para a valorização da água como recurso estratégico, reforçando a sustentabilidade ambiental e económica da indústria do vidro de embalagem.
With the growing population, the demand for glass packaging has increased. As an inert material that does not transmit any physical or chemical changes to food and is infinitely recyclable, glass is increasingly present in human life. This study addresses the issue of water efficiency in the glass packaging industry, a segment characterized by high resource consumption and the need for water at different stages of its production process. The main objectives of the study were to identify and characterize water use circuits in a manufacturing plant, monitor consumption, verify compliance with national and international reference values, and suggest improvement measures to enhance the sector's sustainability. The methodology used consisted of collecting and analysing data on water abstraction, consumption, and discharge. The results obtained showed that the manufacturing unit has a specific water consumption of 149.7 L/t, which is significantly lower than the reference ranges (300-1200 L/t), and that the dependence on new water of 21.4 % demonstrates reduced water vulnerability. In addition, water efficiency indicators were calculated, namely the recirculation rate, system losses, specific water cost, and wastewater treatment efficiency. These indicators were compared with best practice targets and legal requirements. It was concluded that, despite the particularities of the glass manufacturing process, in which some losses are inevitable, it is possible to achieve high levels of water efficiency through the adoption of recirculation systems, the reuse of treated effluents, and the integration of real-time monitoring technologies. The study thus contributes to the valorisation of water as a strategic resource, reinforcing the environmental and economic sustainability of the glass packaging industry.
With the growing population, the demand for glass packaging has increased. As an inert material that does not transmit any physical or chemical changes to food and is infinitely recyclable, glass is increasingly present in human life. This study addresses the issue of water efficiency in the glass packaging industry, a segment characterized by high resource consumption and the need for water at different stages of its production process. The main objectives of the study were to identify and characterize water use circuits in a manufacturing plant, monitor consumption, verify compliance with national and international reference values, and suggest improvement measures to enhance the sector's sustainability. The methodology used consisted of collecting and analysing data on water abstraction, consumption, and discharge. The results obtained showed that the manufacturing unit has a specific water consumption of 149.7 L/t, which is significantly lower than the reference ranges (300-1200 L/t), and that the dependence on new water of 21.4 % demonstrates reduced water vulnerability. In addition, water efficiency indicators were calculated, namely the recirculation rate, system losses, specific water cost, and wastewater treatment efficiency. These indicators were compared with best practice targets and legal requirements. It was concluded that, despite the particularities of the glass manufacturing process, in which some losses are inevitable, it is possible to achieve high levels of water efficiency through the adoption of recirculation systems, the reuse of treated effluents, and the integration of real-time monitoring technologies. The study thus contributes to the valorisation of water as a strategic resource, reinforcing the environmental and economic sustainability of the glass packaging industry.
Description
Keywords
Recursos hídricos Indústria do vidro Eficiência hídrica Recirculação de água Sustentabilidade