Loading...
Publication
Estudo do sistema de gestão térmica de uma bateria para um veículo Formula Student
| Name: | Description: | Size: | Format: | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4.59 MB | Adobe PDF |
Authors
Abstract(s)
Este trabalho incide sobre o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gestão térmica para a bateria do T-24E, o primeiro veículo elétrico da Leiria Academic Racing Team (LART), no contexto da competição Formula Student.
O principal objetivo foi conceber um sistema de refrigeração a ar eficiente, capaz de manter a temperatura das células cilíndricas Molicel P45B dentro de limites seguros, garantindo simultaneamente a uniformidade térmica e a viabilidade energética do sistema.
Inicialmente, foram estudadas duas abordagens de refrigeração, axial e radial, sendo avaliado o seu desempenho através de um estudo analítico e de ensaios experimentais. Após comparação, o método de refrigeração radial foi selecionado como solução preferencial devido ao menor gradiente de temperatura registado no corpo da célula.
Para caracterizar o comportamento térmico da bateria, foi desenvolvido um modelo integral num ambiente de simulação baseado em linguagem matricial e sistemas dinâmicos, permitindo analisar a evolução da temperatura ao longo do tempo.
Complementarmente, realizaram-se ensaios experimentais com instrumentação térmica aplicada à bateria real, cujos resultados serviram para validar o modelo desenvolvido.
Adicionalmente, recorreu-se à Dinâmica dos Fluidos Computacional (CFD) para estudar o escoamento do ar no interior dos segmentos da bateria e a eficiência da convecção forçada.
A definição da distância ótima entre células e a escolha do ventilador adequado foram estudadas de forma integrada, tendo em vista a redução da potência hidráulica necessária e o cumprimento dos limites regulamentares: temperatura máxima inferior a 60 ºC e diferença de temperatura entre células inferior a 5 ºC.
Os resultados obtidos comprovaram que o sistema proposto assegura uma gestão térmica eficaz, mantendo as temperaturas abaixo dos limites definidos e garantindo uma distribuição térmica equilibrada.
Nos ensaios realizados, a temperatura máxima registada foi de 40 ºC, com uma diferença máxima entre células de 5 ºC, validando experimentalmente a solução adotada e a robustez do modelo preditivo.
This study focuses on the development of a thermal management system for the battery of the T-24E, the first electric vehicle of the Leiria Academic Racing Team (LART), within the context of the Formula Student competition. The main objective was to design an efficient air-cooling system capable of maintaining the temperature of the Molicel P45B cylindrical cells within safe limits, while ensuring both thermal uniformity and the system’s energy viability. Initially, two cooling approaches were studied, axial and radial, and their performance was evaluated through an analytical study and experimental tests. After comparison, the radial cooling method was selected as the preferred solution due to the lower temperature gradient recorded in the cell body. To characterise the battery's thermal behaviour, an integral model was developed in a simulation environment based on matrix language and dynamic systems, enabling the analysis of temperature evolution over time. Complementarily, experimental tests were carried out using thermal instrumentation applied to the actual battery, with the results serving to validate the developed model. Additionally, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to study airflow within the battery segments and the efficiency of forced convection. The definition of the optimal spacing between cells and the selection of a suitable fan were studied in an integrated manner, aiming to reduce the required hydraulic power and comply with regulatory limits: a maximum temperature below 60 °C and a maximum temperature difference between cells of less than 5 °C. The results obtained confirmed that the proposed system ensures effective thermal management, maintaining temperatures below the defined limits and providing balanced thermal distribution. In the tests carried out, the maximum recorded temperature was 40 °C, with a maximum temperature difference between cells of 5 °C, thus experimentally validating the adopted solution and the robustness of the predictive model.
This study focuses on the development of a thermal management system for the battery of the T-24E, the first electric vehicle of the Leiria Academic Racing Team (LART), within the context of the Formula Student competition. The main objective was to design an efficient air-cooling system capable of maintaining the temperature of the Molicel P45B cylindrical cells within safe limits, while ensuring both thermal uniformity and the system’s energy viability. Initially, two cooling approaches were studied, axial and radial, and their performance was evaluated through an analytical study and experimental tests. After comparison, the radial cooling method was selected as the preferred solution due to the lower temperature gradient recorded in the cell body. To characterise the battery's thermal behaviour, an integral model was developed in a simulation environment based on matrix language and dynamic systems, enabling the analysis of temperature evolution over time. Complementarily, experimental tests were carried out using thermal instrumentation applied to the actual battery, with the results serving to validate the developed model. Additionally, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was used to study airflow within the battery segments and the efficiency of forced convection. The definition of the optimal spacing between cells and the selection of a suitable fan were studied in an integrated manner, aiming to reduce the required hydraulic power and comply with regulatory limits: a maximum temperature below 60 °C and a maximum temperature difference between cells of less than 5 °C. The results obtained confirmed that the proposed system ensures effective thermal management, maintaining temperatures below the defined limits and providing balanced thermal distribution. In the tests carried out, the maximum recorded temperature was 40 °C, with a maximum temperature difference between cells of 5 °C, thus experimentally validating the adopted solution and the robustness of the predictive model.
Description
Keywords
Formula Student LART Modelo integral Refrigeração a ar Refrigeração radial Sistema de gestão térmica da bateria