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Active reflection coefficients characterization system for multiple input multiple output antennas

2021-03-10Artigo científico Acesso aberto
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datacite.subject.fosEngenharia e Tecnologia::Engenharia Eletrotécnica, Eletrónica e Informática
datacite.subject.sdg10:Reduzir as Desigualdades
datacite.subject.sdg11:Cidades e Comunidades Sustentáveis
dc.contributor.authorJordão, Marina
dc.contributor.authorBelo, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorCaldeirinha, Rafael F. S.
dc.contributor.authorOliveira, Arnaldo S. R.
dc.contributor.authorCarvalho, Nuno B.
dc.date.accessioned2026-03-10T18:14:25Z
dc.date.available2026-03-10T18:14:25Z
dc.date.issued2021-03-10
dc.description.abstractThe main objective of this study is to present a characterization system that can be used to measure the active reflection coefficient of each port of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas, when the main beam is steered to an intended direction. Since MIMO systems are composed of antennas with several elements and each antenna element is connected to a power amplifier, an active component, the beamforming will contribute to the mismatch of each branch. To this extent, a calibrated measurement system has been implemented using off-the-shelf software defined radio and designed to effectively extract such coefficients, when all the ports are simultaneously excited. Results for linear and planar MIMO antenna arrays have been experimentally obtained for several beam directions and the impact of beamforming on each element of the antenna is presented and compared to simulated results. Additionally, their behaviour was also assessed when some of the radiation elements are deliberately disconnected, mimicking those not working properly.eng
dc.description.sponsorshipThis work is supported by the European Regional Development Fund through the Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Program, Regional Operation Program of Lisbon, Regional Operational Program of the Algarve, in component FEDER, and the Foundation for Science and Technology, Project, RETIOT, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016432. The work of Marina Jordão was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (F.C.T.) through Fundo Social Europeu (FSE) and by Programa Operacional Regional do Centro under Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/143204/2019. The work of Daniel Belo was supported by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (F.C.T.) under Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/142403/2018. This work was sponsored in part by the Roger Pollard Student Fellowship from the Automatic RF Techniques Group.
dc.identifier.citationJordão M, Belo D, Caldeirinha RFS, Oliveira ASR, Carvalho NB. Active reflection coefficients characterization system for multiple input multiple output antennas. IET Microw. Antennas Propag. 2021; 15:511–520. https://doi.org/ 10.1049/mia2.12078.
dc.identifier.doi10.1049/mia2.12078
dc.identifier.eissn1751-8733
dc.identifier.issn1751-8725
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10400.8/15827
dc.language.isoeng
dc.peerreviewedyes
dc.publisherInstitution of Engineering and Technology (IET)
dc.relation.hasversionhttps://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1049/mia2.12078
dc.relation.ispartofIET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectBeam forming networks
dc.subjectBeamforming
dc.subjectFeedback control
dc.subjectPower amplifiers
dc.subjectReflection
dc.subjectSoftware radio
dc.subjectTelecommunication repeaters
dc.titleActive reflection coefficients characterization system for multiple input multiple output antennaseng
dc.typejournal article
dspace.entity.typePublication
oaire.citation.endPage520
oaire.citation.issue5
oaire.citation.startPage511
oaire.citation.titleIET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation
oaire.citation.volume15
oaire.versionhttp://purl.org/coar/version/c_970fb48d4fbd8a85
person.familyNameCaldeirinha
person.givenNameRafael
person.identifier.ciencia-id4D18-2B1E-0960
person.identifier.orcid0000-0003-0297-7870
person.identifier.ridF-1499-2015
person.identifier.scopus-author-id7801603527
relation.isAuthorOfPublicationb04f8672-d7af-443e-9104-ae8698dcdc9d
relation.isAuthorOfPublication.latestForDiscoveryb04f8672-d7af-443e-9104-ae8698dcdc9d

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The main objective of this study is to present a characterization system that can be used to measure the active reflection coefficient of each port of the multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antennas, when the main beam is steered to an intended direction. Since MIMO systems are composed of antennas with several elements and each antenna element is connected to a power amplifier, an active component, the beamforming will contribute to the mismatch of each branch. To this extent, a calibrated measurement system has been implemented using off-the-shelf software defined radio and designed to effectively extract such coefficients, when all the ports are simultaneously excited. Results for linear and planar MIMO antenna arrays have been experimentally obtained for several beam directions and the impact of beamforming on each element of the antenna is presented and compared to simulated results. Additionally, their behaviour was also assessed when some of the radiation elements are deliberately disconnected, mimicking those not working properly.
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