Percorrer por autor "Silva, Manuel Gameiro da"
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- 3SqAir Project: A Living Lab Towards Sustainable Smart Strategy for Indoor Climate Quality Assurance in ClassroomsPublication . Ogundiran, James; Nyembwe, Jean-Paul Kapuya Bulaba; Ogundiran, John Omomoluwa; De Souto Santos, Rúben Alexandre; Pereira, Luísa Dias; Silva, Manuel Gameiro daThe indoor climate quality in classrooms at the University of Coimbra, Portugal, was investigated as part of the 3SqAir project, supported by the Interreg SUDOE program. This research focused on two equipped classrooms with different ventilation systems: natural and mechanical ventilation. Both classrooms were continuously monitored for IEQ parameters: thermal comfort, indoor air quality, noise, and lighting during heating and cooling seasons. Air temperature, relative humidity, CO2 concentration, particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde, sound pressure level, and illuminance were measured. Outdoor weather conditions were also recorded. The primary focus was on air temperature, CO2 concentrations, and relative humidity, while air change rates (ACH) were estimated using the Tracer Gas Method. The results showed inadequate thermal conditions in both classrooms, particularly during the heating season. Most weekly mean CO2 concentrations were within acceptable limits, while ACH were below standard recommendations in four CO2 decay phases. Simulations of CO2 decay revealed further air quality gaps in each room. Corrective measures within the 3SqAir project framework were suggested for approval and implementation while monitoring continues. This work represents the first phase in an evolving study towards developing sustainable strategies for improving indoor air quality in classrooms.
- Influence of weather and indoor climate on clothing of occupants in naturally ventilated school buildingsPublication . de Carvalho, Paulo; Silva, Manuel Gameiro da; Ramos, João EstevesAdaptive thermal comfort standards hold the potential for energy savings and greenhouse gas emission reductions in naturally ventilated buildings. The potential for energy savings relies on the fact that applying adaptive standards, indoor comfort temperature is shifted up on warmer days and shifted down in colder ones. In order to determine the correct comfort temperature inside, two variables need to be known in advance: The clothing insulation level and the metabolic activity of the inhabitants. Using an adult population, it was observed that the clothing insulation level can be calculated based on recent thermal memory and weather prediction. The field study was carried out with 732 individuals for one year. All individuals performed the same task. In these circumstances, the clothing insulation level revealed to be a key issue. The clothing insulation level of the population was determined by the clochecklist method and showed significant variation along the time period, with standard deviation representing about 23% of the mean clo (1 clo ¼ 0.155 m2 K W 1). Results showed that the clothing insulation level worn inside has the most significant relationship to the previous day’s average outside temperature (Tday.x 1: R2 ¼ 88%) followed by the maximum outside temperature during that day (maxTday.x: R2 ¼ 71%).
- A methodology to evaluate the performance and consumption of vehicles in comparative on-road testsPublication . Ghodsirad, Mohammadhossein; Teixeira, Joao; Breda, Paulo; Campos, Cristina; Serrano, Luis; Silva, Manuel Gameiro daThe main objective of the reported work was to develop a methodology to assess the fuel consumption and the efficiency of the propulsion system of passenger cars equipped with internal combustion engines in road tests carried out to compare the performance of fuels with different formulations. The examination has been done out in highway travels. A Peugeot 407 HDI station wagon, with a 2,0 liter engine, has been equipped with different measurement systems. The measurement equipment is based upon two vehicle data loggers. A real-time fuel consumption metering system is combined with a GPS logger in order to analyze trip fuel consumption with different conditions in speed and altitude. An OBD II data logger is also mounted and the analog outputs of two pressure sensor are also connected to it. OBD II provides the vehicle and engine information available at the CPU unit, while the pressure sensors are connected to three pressure taps placed on the front of the vehicle to provide information about the relative velocity between the car and the air and the flow angularity. In the test, the impacts of speed, acceleration, road slope and wind disturbance on fuel consumption were analyzed for different fuel formulations. The developed system revealed to be well adapted to the requirements of the research project, allowing an accurate measurement of the fuel consumption and all the relevant parameters related to the vehicle movement. The best compromise in terms of sampling parameters has been achieved with a data acquisition frequency of 10 Hz, being the values decimated to 1 Hz, with the exception of the fuel consumption that is analyzed for 10 s integration intervals.