Browsing by Author "Silva, Cristina L. M."
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- Influences of physicochemical stresses on injury and inactivation behaviour of Listeria innocuaPublication . Miller, Fatima A.; Ramos, Barbara; Gil, Maria M.; Brandao, Teresa R. S.; Teixeira, Paula; Silva, Cristina L. M.Many minimally processed foods depend on a combination of inhibitory factors to reduce the hazard of foodborne illness. Therefore, inactivation of Listeria innocua was studied according to a 24 factorial experiment designed to draw conclusions about temperature (52.5 °C and 65.0 °C), pH (4.5 and 7.5), water activity (aw=0.95 and 0.99) and solute type (NaCl and glycerol) effects. Three different recovery media were used to assess injured cells. Survival data were fitted with a Gompertz-based model and kinetic parameters (shoulder, maximum inactivation rate – kmax, and tail) were estimated. Results showed that shoulder was affected by temperature, pH and combined effects; kmax was influenced by all factors and their combinations; and tail was affected by aw, temperature and aw/pH combination. Results demonstrated the potential occurrence of microbial cross-protection survival techniques between the various stresses, e.g. heat and osmolarity. Indeed, this work clearly established that, to avoid hazards, Listeria inactivation must be evaluated with a maximum of environmental factors that undergo alterations. Only thus, appropriate food preservation treatments can be developed and consequently, the safety of food products can be assured.
- Mathematical Models for Prediction of Temperature Effects on Kinetic Parameters of Microorganisms’ Inactivation: Tools for Model Comparison and Adequacy in Data FittingPublication . Gil, Maria M; Miller, Fátima A.; Brandão, Teresa R. S.; Silva, Cristina L. M.Microbial inactivation often follows a sigmoidal kinetic behaviour, with an initial lag phase, followed by a maximum inactivation rate period and tending to a final as ymptotic value. Mathematically, such tendencies may be de scribed by using primary kinetic models (Gompertz based model is one example) that describe microbial survival throughout processing time when stressing conditions are ap plied. The parameters of kinetic models are directly affected by temperature. Despite the number of mathematical equa tions used to describe the dependence of the kinetic parame ters on temperature (so-called secondary models), there is a lack of studies regarding model comparison and adequacy in data fitting. This work provides a review of mathematical models that describe the temperature dependence of kinetic parameters related to microbial thermal inactivation. Regression analysis schemes and tests seeking model compar ison are presented. A case study is included to provide guid ance for the assessment of secondary model adequacy and regression analyses procedures. When modelling temperature effects on sigmoidal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms, one should be aware about the regression methodology ap plied. The most adequate models according to the two-step regression methodology may not be the best selection if a global fit is applied.