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Isolamento de fungos do ambiente marinho e avaliação do seu potencial biotecnológico
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Abstract(s)
A biotecnologia, está em constante crescimento, utiliza matéria e recursos biológicos para a produção e desenvolvimento de novos produtos. As enzimas, são biocatalisadores que aceleram e tornam as reações bioquímicas mais eficientes, possuindo uma elevada importância em diversas áreas, como, por exemplo, na indústria (papel, farmacêutica, biocombustíveis, entre outras), na biorremediação e na saúde para fins terapêuticos. O interesse na descoberta de novas enzimas com caraterísticas específicas, como atividade a temperaturas baixas e a diferentes intervalos de pH, é constante. O ambiente marinho é um dos maiores habitats do planeta Terra, albergando uma grande biodiversidade. Diversos organismos marinhos têm revelado ser uma fonte de vários componentes benéficos para a sociedade com capacidade citotóxica, anti-inflamatória, antiviral, atividade enzimática, entre outras. Entre os organismos marinhos, os fungos têm demonstrado possuir um papel ecológico na recirculação do carbono, assim como fonte de diversos compostos bioativos e enzimas. Os fungos arenícolas são um grupo ecológico, associados às praias arenosas, sobre o qual o conhecimento é limitado e que estão sujeitos a pressões antropogénicas, um fator de stress para estes organismos. Neste trabalho pretendeu-se conhecer a comunidade e avaliar a produção de enzimas em fungos arenícolas isolados de amostras de areia recolhidas em 3 praias (Molhe Leste, Supertubos e Consolação) do concelho de Peniche, Portugal. Para isto procedeu-se ao isolamento dos fungos arenícolas existentes nas amostras de areia, os quais foram identificados recorrendo a métodos de biologia molecular (PCR). Posteriormente realizou-se um screening para avaliar a capacidade dos fungos em produzirem enzimas, nomeadamente amílase, celulase, lacase, lípase, protease e xilanase. No total foram identificados 47 fungos dos géneros Absidia, Acrocalymma, Acrostalagmus, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Microsphaeropsis, Neocamarosporium, Penicillium, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaetopsis, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, sendo o Aspergillus e o Penicillium os géneros mais representativos na comunidade amostrada. Além disso, foi registado, possivelmente, a primeira ocorrência de 3 espécies em ambiente marinho e de acordo com um estudo de revisão recente, o primeiro isolamento de 8 espécies e 4 géneros em Portugal. Foram observadas 16 espécies produtoras de amílases, 12 espécies produtoras de celulases, 12 espécies produtoras de lacases, 14 espécies produtoras de lípases, 39 espécies produtoras de proteases e 29 espécies produtoras de xilanases dos 3 locais de amostragem. Também se observou a produção de diferentes enzimas por diferentes estirpes da mesma espécie, isoladas no mesmo ou em diferentes locais de amostragem. Em suma, os fungos arenícolas demonstram ser uma fonte relevante de enzimas com potencial de aplicação para diferentes áreas.
Biotechnology, which is constantly growing, uses biological matter and resources to produce and develop new products. Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up and make biochemical reactions more efficient and are of great importance in various areas, such as industry (paper, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, among others), bioremediation and health for therapeutic purposes. New enzymes with specific characteristics, such as activity at low temperatures and in different pH ranges, are constantly being discovered. The marine environment is one of the largest habitats on the planet harbouring a great biodiversity of species. Various marine organisms have proved to be a source of several beneficial components for society, with cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities, as well as enzymatic activity, among others. Among marine organisms, fungi have been shown to play an ecological role in carbon recirculation, as well as being a source of various bioactive compounds and enzymes. Sandy fungi are an ecological group associated with sandy beaches, about which knowledge is limited, and which are subject to anthropogenic pressures, a stress factor for these organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the production of enzymes in arenicolous fungi isolated from sand samples taken from three beaches (Molhe Leste, Supertubos and Consolação) in the municipality of Peniche, Portugal. To do this, the arenicolous fungi found in the beach samples were isolated and identified using molecular biology methods (PCR), after which screening was carried out to assess whether the fungi were enzyme producers, namely amylase, cellulase, lacase, lipase, protease and xylanase. A total of 47 fungi were identified from the four sampling sites, including the genera Absidia, Acrocalymma, Acrostalagmus, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Microsphaeropsis, Neocamarosporium, Penicillium, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaetopsis, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, with Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most representative genera in the community sampled. Furthermore, the possible first record of 3 species in a marine environment was presented and according to a recent review study, this appears to be the first isolation of 8 species and 4 genera in Portugal. There were 16 amylase-producing species, 12 cellulase-producing species, 12 laccase-producing species, 14 lipase-producing species, 39 proteinase-producing species and 29 xylanase-producing species. The production of different enzymes by different isolates identified as the same species was also observed. In summary, sand fungi have proved to be a relevant source of enzymes with potential for application in different areas.
Biotechnology, which is constantly growing, uses biological matter and resources to produce and develop new products. Enzymes are biocatalysts that speed up and make biochemical reactions more efficient and are of great importance in various areas, such as industry (paper, pharmaceuticals, biofuels, among others), bioremediation and health for therapeutic purposes. New enzymes with specific characteristics, such as activity at low temperatures and in different pH ranges, are constantly being discovered. The marine environment is one of the largest habitats on the planet harbouring a great biodiversity of species. Various marine organisms have proved to be a source of several beneficial components for society, with cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory and antiviral capacities, as well as enzymatic activity, among others. Among marine organisms, fungi have been shown to play an ecological role in carbon recirculation, as well as being a source of various bioactive compounds and enzymes. Sandy fungi are an ecological group associated with sandy beaches, about which knowledge is limited, and which are subject to anthropogenic pressures, a stress factor for these organisms. The aim of this study was to assess the production of enzymes in arenicolous fungi isolated from sand samples taken from three beaches (Molhe Leste, Supertubos and Consolação) in the municipality of Peniche, Portugal. To do this, the arenicolous fungi found in the beach samples were isolated and identified using molecular biology methods (PCR), after which screening was carried out to assess whether the fungi were enzyme producers, namely amylase, cellulase, lacase, lipase, protease and xylanase. A total of 47 fungi were identified from the four sampling sites, including the genera Absidia, Acrocalymma, Acrostalagmus, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Fusarium, Lecanicillium, Microsphaeropsis, Neocamarosporium, Penicillium, Plectosphaerella, Pyrenochaetopsis, Rhizopus, Trichoderma, with Aspergillus and Penicillium being the most representative genera in the community sampled. Furthermore, the possible first record of 3 species in a marine environment was presented and according to a recent review study, this appears to be the first isolation of 8 species and 4 genera in Portugal. There were 16 amylase-producing species, 12 cellulase-producing species, 12 laccase-producing species, 14 lipase-producing species, 39 proteinase-producing species and 29 xylanase-producing species. The production of different enzymes by different isolates identified as the same species was also observed. In summary, sand fungi have proved to be a relevant source of enzymes with potential for application in different areas.
Description
Keywords
Fungos marinhos Fungos arenícolas Enzimas Screening DNA ambiental